On a railroad to nowhere: Irmgard Keun's 'D-Zug Dritter Klasse'

D-Zug dritter Klasse, the second novel Irmgard Keun published in exile from Nazi Germany, describes seven passengers on a Berlin-Paris express in 1937. Although it begins like a wide-ranging narrative of persecution and emigration, many of the passengers' stories develop in non-political, inconsequential, and downright farcical directions, a shift which scholars have struggled to explain. This article suggests that D-Zug is a novel of emigration in a personal and literary sense, interpreting the narrative's erratic trajectory as a conscious expression of Keun's fear that her continuing exile could stifle her political effectiveness and professional abilities as an antifascist author.