Unlocking hidden genomic sequence

Despite the success of conventional Sanger sequencing, significant regions of many genomes still present major obstacles to sequencing. Here we propose a novel approach with the potential to alleviate a wide range of sequencing difficulties. The technique involves extracting target DNA sequence from variants generated by introduction of random mutations. The introduction of mutations does not destroy original sequence information, but distributes it amongst multiple variants. Some of these variants lack problematic features of the target and are more amenable to conventional sequencing. The technique has been successfully demonstrated with mutation levels up to an average 18% base substitution and has been used to read previously intractable poly(A), AT-rich and GC-rich motifs.

Common multiples of complete graphs

A graph H is said to divide a graph G if there exists a set S of subgraphs of G, all isomorphic to H, such that the edge set of G is partitioned by the edge sets of the subgraphs in S. Thus, a graph G is a common multiple of two graphs if each of the two graphs divides G.

Gauge fields, geometric phases, and quantum adiabatic pumps

Quantum adiabatic pumping of charge and spin between two reservoirs (leads) has recently been demonstrated in nanoscale electronic devices. Pumping occurs when system parameters are varied in a cyclic manner and sufficiently slowly that the quantum system always remains in its ground state. We show that quantum pumping has a natural geometric representation in terms of gauge fields (both Abelian and non-Abelian) defined on the space of system parameters. Tunneling from a scanning tunneling microscope tip through a magnetic atom could be used to demonstrate the non-Abelian character of the gauge field.

Superconducting Correlations in Metallic Nanoparticles: Exact Solution of the BCS Model by the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz

Superconducting pairing of electrons in nanoscale metallic particles with discrete energy levels and a fixed number of electrons is described by the reduced Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer model Hamiltonian. We show that this model is integrable by the algebraic Bethe ansatz. The eigenstates, spectrum, conserved operators, integrals of motion, and norms of wave functions are obtained. Furthermore, the quantum inverse problem is solved, meaning that form factors and correlation functions can be explicitly evaluated. Closed form expressions are given for the form factors and correlation functions that describe superconducting pairing.

Decomposing complete tripartite graphs into cycles of lengths 3 and 4

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the edge-disjoint decomposition of a complete tripartite graph K-r,K-s,K-t into exactly alpha 3-cycles and beta 4-cycles. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Maximum packings of K-v-K-u with triples

We construct, for all positive integers u, and v with u less than or equal to v, a decomposition of K-v - K-u (the complete graph on v vertices with a. hole of size u) into the maximum possible number of edge disjoint triangles.

The number of 4-cycles in 2-factorizations of K2n minus a 1-factor

In this paper we give a complete solution to problem of determining the number of 4-cycles in a 2-factorization of K-2n\ 1-factor. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The line structure of balanced ternary designs with block size three, index three and rho(2) = 1, 2

In this paper necessary and sufficient conditions for a vector to be the fine structure of a balanced ternary design with block size 3, index 3 and rho(2) = 1 and 2 are determined with one unresolved case.

Decompositions of complete multipartite graphs into cycles of even length

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an edge-disjoint decomposition of any complete multipartite graph into even length cycles are investigated. Necessary conditions are listed and sufficiency is shown for the cases when the cycle length is 4, 6 or 8. Further results concerning sufficiency, provided certain small decompositions exist, are also given for arbitrary even cycle lengths.

Ground-State Entanglement of the BCS Model

The concept of local concurrence is used to quantify the entanglement between a single qubit and the remainder of a multiqubit system. For the ground state of the BCS model in the thermodynamic limit the set of local concurrences completely describes the entanglement. As a measure for the entanglement of the full system we investigate the average local concurrence (ALC). We find that the ALC satisfies a simple relation with the order parameter. We then show that for finite systems with a fixed particle number, a relation between the ALC and the condensation energy exposes a threshold coupling. Below the threshold, entanglement measures besides the ALC are significant.

Constructing a class of designs with proportional balance

Text serves as a sequel to 'Computational and Constructive Design Theory,' c1996; containing research papers and surveys of recent research work on design construction and computer-aided study of designs. For researchers in theory of computational designs.

The mu-way intersection problem for m-cycle systems

An m-cycle system of order upsilon is a partition of the edge-set of a complete graph of order upsilon into m-cycles. The mu -way intersection problem for m-cycle systems involves taking mu systems, based on the same vertex set, and determining the possible number of cycles which can be common to all mu systems. General results for arbitrary m are obtained, and detailed intersection values for (mu, m) = (3, 4), (4, 5),(4, 6), (4, 7), (8, 8), (8, 9). (For the case (mu, m)= (2, m), see Billington (J. Combin. Des. 1 (1993) 435); for the case (Cc,m)=(3,3), see Milici and Quattrochi (Ars Combin. A 24 (1987) 175. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.