Étude du modèle multifacteurs de Farrell dans le contexte canadien

L'hypothèse sous-jacente au modèle de marché de SHARPE(1964) est que les actifs ont une tendance à évoluer ensemble seulement à cause du lien commun qu'ils ont avec le marché. Depuis lors, quelques recherches ont permis de découvrir qu'il y a d'autres facteurs qui influencent le mouvement des prix des actifs financiers. Notamment, KING(1963), MEYERS(1973), FARRELL(1970,74,77), LIVINGSTON(1977) et ARNOTT(1980) ont cerné quelques-uns de ces autres facteurs. ROLL et ROSS(1976) ont spécifié un modèle général qui tient compte de facteurs importants dans les marchés financiers. Cependant, les tests empiriques sur l'A.P.T. (arbitrage pricing theory) effectués par CHEN, ROLL et ROSS(1986) n'ont pas donné de résultats probants. L'objectif de cette étude sera d'étudier le comportement des sous-indices de la Bourse de Toronto pour créer un modèle multifacteurs selon la méthodologie de James L. FARRELL. En bref, on étudie les comportements des actifs financiers par l'utilisation de procédures de regroupements statistiques pour former quelques indices supplémentaires au modèle de marché de SHARPE(1964).

Henri Bourassa et James s. Woodsworth: l'importance du syndicalisme dans la société canadienne industrialisée

Depuis le début des années 1970, bon nombre de chercheurs, tant sociologues qu'historiens, ont abordé les questions relatives au syndicalisme au Canada. La plupart de ces recherches tentent de cerner un problème précis dans l'histoire du syndicalisme canadien. A notre connaissance, il n'existe pas présentement d'étude sur le syndicalisme au Canada qui repose sur la vision qu'ont certaines personnalités de premier plan. Dans ce sens, notre recherche se veut donc un précédent, et elle nous permet de mieux saisir ce que vit et ce que ressent une certaine partie de la population…

Apprendre avec la technologie : l'impact sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l’utilisation de la technologie numérique (SMARTBOARD) dans les classes

This research was devoted to gaining information on teachers? use of technology, specifically SMARTBOARD technology, for teaching and promoting learning in the classroom. Research has suggested that use of technology can enhance learning and classroom practices. This has resulted in administrators encouraging the use of SMARTBOARDS, installing them in classrooms and providing training and support for teachers to use this technology. Adoption of new technology, however, is not simple. It is even more challenging because making the best use of new technologies requires more than training; it requires a paradigm shift in teachers? pedagogical approach. Thus, while it may be reasonable to believe that all we need to do is show teachers the benefits of using the SMARTBOARD; research tells us that changing paradigms is difficult for a variety of reasons. This research had two main objectives. First, to discover what factors might positively or negatively affect teachers? decisions to take up this technology. Second, to investigate how the SMARTBOARD is used by teachers who have embraced it and how this impacts participation in classrooms. The project was divided into two parts; the first was a survey research (Part 1), and the second was an ethnographic study (Part 2). A thirty-nine item questionnaire was designed to obtain information on teachers? use of technology and the SMARTBOARD. The questionnaire was distributed to fifty teachers at two EMSB schools: James Lyng Adult Centre (JLAC) and the High School of Montreal (HSM). Part 2 was an ethnographic qualitative study of two classes (Class A, Class B) at JLAC. Class A was taught by a male teacher, an early-adopter of technology and a high-level user of the SMARTBOARD; Class B was taught by a female teacher who was more traditional and a low-level user. These teachers were selected because they had similar years of experience and general competence in their subject matter but differed in their use of the technology. The enrollment in Class A and Class B were twenty-three and twenty-four adult students, respectively. Each class was observed for 90 minutes on three consecutive days in April 2010. Data collection consisted of videotapes of the entire period, and observational field notes with a graphical recording of participatory actions. Information from the graphical recording was converted to sociograms, a graphic representation of social links among individuals involved in joint action. The sociogram data was tabulated as quantified data. The survey results suggest that although most teachers are interested in and use some form of technology in their teaching, there is a tendency for factors of gender and years of experience to influence the use of and opinions on using technology. A Chi Square analysis of the data revealed (a) a significant difference (2 = 6.031, p < .049) for gender in that male teachers are more likely to be interested in the latest pedagogic innovation compared to female teachers; and, (b) a significant difference for years of experience (2 = 10.945, p < .004), showing that teachers with ?6 years experience were more likely to use the SMARTBOARD, compared to those with more experience (>6 years). All other items from the survey data produced no statistical difference. General trends show that (a) male teachers are more willing to say yes to using the SMARTBOARD compared to female teachers, and (b) teachers with less teaching experience were more likely to have positive opinions about using the SMARTBOARD compared to teachers with more experience. The ethnographic study results showed differences in students? response patterns in the two classrooms. Even though both teachers are experienced and competent, Teacher A elicited more participation from his students than Teacher B. This was so partly because he used the SMARTBOARD to present visual materials that the students could easily respond to. By comparison, Teacher B used traditional media or methods to present most of her course material. While these methods also used visual materials, students were not able to easily relate to these smaller, static images and did not readily engage with the material. This research demonstrates a generally positive attitude by teachers towards use of the SMARTBOARD and a generally positive role of this technology in enhancing students? learning and engagement in the classroom. However, there are many issues related to the SMARTBOARD use that still need to be examined. A particular point is whether teachers feel adequately trained to integrate SMARTBOARD technology into their curricula. And, whether the gender difference revealed is related to other factors like a need for more support, other responsibilities, or a general sense of anxiety when it comes to technology. Greater opportunity for training and ongoing support may be one way to increase teacher use of the SMARTBOARD; particularly for teachers with more experience (>6 years) and possibly also for female teachers.