Les Perceptions des Étudiants en Soins Infirmiers Pédiatriques en Milieu Communautaire

Over the last decade health care delivery has shifted from hospitals to the community resulting in a significant reduction of hospital-based clinical placements for nursing students to practice and learn. Studies have emerged describing this problem and outlining the ways in which Colleges and Universities have attempted to deal with the acute shortage of clinical areas in nursing and other health care programs. Several studies describe the development of community-based clinical experiences, and some of these examined students’ perceptions. One finding appears to be constant: student perceptions of community experiences have an effect on their learning outcomes. There is an increasing need to teach nursing students in community settings both to contend with the shortage of hospital-based placements and to prepare students for future practice. Pediatric hospitals are no longer able to provide as many clinical placements as they once did. This has created a problem for college nursing departments. Over the past five years, John Abbott College’s pediatric nursing teachers have attempted to deal with this problem in numerous ways; however, students and faculty were dissatisfied with the solutions as there was a lack of development of the pediatric community clinical component. The purpose of this study is to explore nursing students’ perceptions of pediatric community experiences both prior to the start of the clinical rotation and following the experience. Student perceptions of nursing in community settings are an important element in the level of student satisfaction and ultimately their learning in pediatric clinical settings. In order to explore the John Abbott College’s nursing students’ perceptions, data was collected from a small segment of the population. Students’ perceptions were explored quantitatively through the use of questionnaires using a Likert scale administered both prior to the clinical experience and following the experience; and qualitatively, using content analysis of reflective journals and focus group discussions. The results of the study demonstrated that prior to the community rotations; students did not know what the experience would involve. They felt apprehensive due to being inadequately prepared for the experience and questioned the actual learning they would acquire from a community setting. Following the pediatric community experience, students perceived benefits to their learning particularly in the development of their abilities to communicate with children, and to recognize and apply principles of growth and development to children of different age groups and with different health needs. In addition, students perceived an increase in their self- confidence when teaching children. They also developed an appreciation of the role of the nurse in health promotion for individuals’ in community settings. Furthermore, students described an increase in their awareness of resources that are available in the community. Overall, students were satisfied with their pediatric community clinical experience. The results of this study indicate that adequate student preparation is required prior to the community clinical experience. This preparation would include a clear description of the clinical objectives and associated learning activities, as well as an explicit explanation of the evaluation process. Finally, it is recommended that the pediatric nursing teachers continue to search for community clinical areas that can enhance student learning in pediatrics. This study contributes to the literature on community experiences for nursing students since it explored students’ perceptions before and after the community clinical rotation.

Le rôle et l'influence de la relation élève-enseignant sur l'adaptation scolaire et sociale des élèves dans les écoles primaires québécoises

Cette étude explore pour la première fois auprès d'une population québécoise le lien existant entre la qualité de la relation élève-enseignant (REE) et l'adaptation scolaire d'élèves ayant un trouble du comportement. La qualité du lien affectif des 80 élèves participants est étudiée sous l'angle de la théorie de l'attachement et mesurée à l'aide du STRS (Student-Teacher Relationship Scale) ainsi que du TSRI (Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory). Des analyses de corrélation font ressortir de nombreux liens entre la qualité de la REE et les variables d'adaptation scolaire utilisées: la compétence académique (notes et habitudes de travail), les habiletés sociales/ appréciation par les pairs, les problèmes de comportement extériorisés, puis finalement, la motivation/satisfaction scolaire de l'élève. De plus, la qualité de la REE en fin d'année scolaire a été comparée selon la fréquentation de l'élève à l'un ou l'autre des services: 1) des classes spéciales traditionnelles (N=30) et 2) des classes kangourou, dont la philosophie est axée sur l'établissement d'une REE positive (N=50). Les résultats de cette comparaison indiquent peu de différence significative dans l'évolution des élèves selon les deux services et pas de différence au niveau de la qualité de la REE pour cet échantillon.