Incipient turn-to-turn winding fault diagnosis of power transformers by the on-load exciting current Extended Park`s Vector Approach

This paper presents the application of the on-load exciting current Extended Park's Vector Approach for diagnosing incipient turn-to-turn winding faults in operating power transformers. Experimental and simulated test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which is based on the spectral analysis of the AC component of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector modulus.

Calibração de um sistema de modelação para o estuário do Guadiana

Com a entrada em funcionamento da barragem do Alqueva o regime de caudais no rio Guadiana irá ser alterado. Actualmente a albufeira do Alqueva encontra-se em fase de enchimento sendo garantido um caudal mínimo de 5 a 10m3/s que passa para o estuário. Neste cenário torna-se importante conhecer o comportamento das principais variáveis físicas que caracterizam o estuário do Guadiana, nomeadamente níveis, correntes salinidade e transito de sedimentos. Neste artigo utiliza-se o sistema de modelação MOHID, efectuando-se a calibração do modelo para as medidas de campo disponíveis. Esta tarefa insere-se num trabalho de modelação mais amplo de caracterização do Guadiana do ponto de vista hidrodinâmico e de transporte de propriedades.

Processos ecológicos que controlam a dinâmica das macroalgas Ulvales (Chlorophyta) na Ria Formosa

Tese de dout., Ecologia, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Grazing impact of microzooplankton upon phytoplankton

Alterations of freshwater flow regimes and increasing eutrophication can lead to alterations in phytoplankton biomass, composition, and growth in estuaries and adjacent coastal waters. Since phytoplankton is the first trophic level of most aquatic foodwebs, these changes can be propagated to other biological compartments, eventually impacting water quality and ecosystem services. However, phytoplankton responses to environmental changes in abiotic variables (e.g., light, nutrients) are additionally controlled by mortality or removal processes (e.g., grazing, horizontal advection and viral lysis). Grazing exerted by microzooplankton, usually dominated by phagotrophic protists, is considered the most relevant phytoplankton mortality factor in most aquatic systems (see Calbet, Landry 2004). In fact, grazing impact of microzooplankton can prevent phytoplankton accumulation in marine systems despite an overall increase in phytoplankton replication rate. By consequence, microzooplankton grazing may minimize problems associated to increased eutrophication and, ultimately, prevent the occurrence of harmful phytoplankton blooms. Thus, microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton constitutes a key biological process required to understand and predict relationships between hydrological and biological processes in aquatic ecosystems and to use ecosystem properties to improve water quality and enhance ecosystem services, general principles of the Ecohydrology Concept (Zalewski 2000).

Effects of nutrient and light enrichment on phytoplankton growth

Alterations of freshwater flow regimes and increasing eutrophication lead to alterations in light availability and nutrient loading into adjacent estuaries and coastal areas. Phytoplankton community respond to these changes in many ways. Harmful phytoplankton blooms, for instance, may be a consequence of changes in nutrient supply, as well as the replacement of some phytoplankton species (like diatoms, that contribute for the development of large fish and shellfish populations) by ohers (like cyanobacteria, that may be toxic and represent an undesirable food source for higher trophic levels). Nutrient and light enrichment experiments allow us to understand and predict the effects of eutrophication on the growth of phytoplankton. This is a fundamental tool in water management issues, since it enables the prediction of changes in the phytoplankton community that may be harmful to the whole ecosystem, and the design of mitigation strategies (Zalewski 2000).