Population model of the recent subtidal invasion of Sargassum muticum in southern Portugal

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Especialização em Ecologia e Conservação, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Sistemas de antenas MIMO

Os sistemas de rádio comunicação com múltiplas antenas transmissoras (Tx) e receptoras (Rx), também conhecidos como sistemas MIMO (Multiple Input-Multiple Output), são um dos mais importantes avanços nos sistemas de telecomunicações. Estes sistemas tiram vantagem do uso de várias antenas transmissoras e várias antenas receptoras para explorar as propriedades espaciais do canal rádio. O crescimento dramático da capacidade dos canais que os sistemas MIMO vêm acrescentar, faz com que esta tecnologia seja promissora para os futuros serviços de Internet Wireless. Estes sistemas MIMO utilizam diversidade espacial, ou seja, tiram partido da natureza aleatória da propagação das ondas através do multipercurso e na qual réplicas de um sinal são combinadas no receptor com o intuito de se obter maior fiabilidade na detecção desse sinal. Assim sendo, um canal MIMO é o meio por onde se propaga a informação transmitida por este conjunto de antenas. O conceito inerente aos sistemas MIMO passa por combinar os sinais emitidos e recebidos de modo que seja possível melhorar a performance do sistema. Esta melhoria de desempenho irá reflectir-se na maximização dos ritmos de transmissão associados e na melhoria da qualidade de serviço oferecida ao cliente final. Esta tecnologia tem sido aprofundada com o objectivo de se resolver o problema de estrangulamento da capacidade de tráfego nas futuras redes de telecomunicações sem fios. Isto é extremamente importante em sistemas onde a capacidade é bastante limitada devido às características do ambiente de propagação. Existe portanto, um grande interesse em comparar o comportamento, características, vantagens e desvantagens dos vários tipos de sistemas existentes (SISO - Single Input - Single Output, SIMO - Single Input - Multiple Output, MISO - Multiple Input - Single Output, MIMO - Multiple Input - Multiple Output). Torna-se então necessário o estudo dos sistemas de antenas Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) e as suas vantagens/desvantagens na transmissão de informação relativamente aos sistemas Single Input - Single Output (SISO). Este estudo vem comprovar que a tecnologia MIMO é uma evolução natural para as tecnologias sem fios, visto que existe uma crescente demanda de serviços multimédia e um esforço constante para se aumentar as taxas de transmissão nas redes sem fios. Os sistemas MIMO vêm também dar um enorme contributo à investigação nesta área das telecomunicações.

Searching biocompounds in marine natural extracts with potential use in tumor prevention and treatment

Cancer is a multistage process characterized by three stages: initiation, promotion and progression; and is one of the major killers worldwide. Oxidative stress acts as initiator in tumorigenesis; chronic inflammation promotes cancer; and apoptosis inactivation is an issue in cancer progression. In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of hexane, ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of five species of halophytes: A. macrostachyum, P. coronopus, J. acutus, C. edulis and A. halimus. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods, and the total phenolics content (TPC) was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by the Griess method, and by evaluating the inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW- 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts against HepG2 and THP1 cell lines was estimated by the MTT assay, and the results obtained were further compared with the S17 non-tumor cell line. The induction of apoptosis of J. acutus ether extract was assessed by DAPI staining. The highest antioxidant activities was observed in C. edulis methanol and the J. acutus ether extracts against the DPPH• radical; and J. acutus ether and A. halimus ether extracts against the ABTS•+ radical. The methanol extracts of C. edulis and P. coronopus, and the ether extract of J. acutus revealed a high TPC. Generally the antioxidant activity had no correlation with the TPC. The A. halimus chloroform and P. coronopus hexane extracts demonstrated ability to reduce NO production in macrophages (> 50%), revealing their anti-inflammatory capacity. The ether extract of J. acutus showed high cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, with reduced cellular viability even at the lowest concentrations. This outcome was significantly lower than the obtained with the non-tumor cells (S17). This result was complemented by the induction of apoptosis.

Recreational shore fishing in southern Portugal: biological and socio-economic aspects and perspectives for management

Although overfishing is a concern for many fish stocks, it was for a long time only associated with commercial fishing exploitation, with less or no attention being given to the recreational fisheries. Recent research has shown however that the impact of recreational fishing on particular species can be considerable, and that the recreational harvest needs to be taken into account if fisheries are to be accurately assessed and effectively managed. In Portugal, the first recreational fishing regulations were only recently implemented. However, mirroring other European countries, regulations lacked scientific support, and specific knowledge of the activity was limited to a few studies with limited coverage. This thesis aimed to characterize the biological and socioeconomic aspects of the recreational shore angling activity in southern Portugal, to investigate whether the regulations in place were adequate and effective, and to provide recommendations for improved management and conservation of the inshore fisheries resources. A combined aerial-roving survey was conducted to gather data on fishing effort, catch, fishing trips and socioeconomic aspects (including anglers’ perceptions of regulations) of the recreational angling activity. The analysis of anglers’ catches suggested that compliance with daily bag limits was high, with less than 0.5% of creels exceeding the 10 kg angler-1 day-1 bag limit. Overall, 11.5% of the retained fishes were undersized, but non-compliance with minimum size limits was found to be high for some species (e.g. seabass, 73% undersized). In terms of the impact of recreational shore angling, the total estimated catches corresponded to less than 1% of the commercial landings for the same period (shared species). However, shore angling catches for white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) were found to be considerable, corresponding to 65% of the commercial landings (39.4% of total catch). In terms of anglers’ perceptions about the recreational fishing regulations in Portugal, the present study has shown that the majority of anglers accepted the existence of some kind of SRF regulations, but in general there was a partial or total disagreement with the recreational fishing restrictions recently put in place. Most anglers perceived themselves as not being involved in the decision-making process and claimed that some restrictions lacked a meaningful rationale (e.g. prohibition of fishing from piers/jetties). Fishers’ awareness with regard to specific aspects of the restrictions (such as the rationale for minimum size limits) was found to be very limited. During the same period, catches from sport fishing competitions were examined to test for differences with the recreational activity in terms of catches, and evaluate long term trends in catch and mean size of fish. Catches of the sport fishing competitions were found to be different from those observed for recreational fishing, being dominated by different species (e.g. garfish, mullets), and suggesting different fishing strategies of the the two types of anglers. High percentages of undersized fish were observed to be captured (and retained) during the competitions (in particular seabass, with 100% undersized), probably as a result of a single allowable minimum size (AMS) of 15 cm for all species in use in competitions. Lastly, catch and release fishing experiments were carried out to assess post-release mortality of three recreationally important species: two banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris; black sea bream Spondyliosoma cantharus; and gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Post-release mortalities were found to be low (0-12%). The main predictor of mortality for Sparus aurata was anatomical hooking location, with 63% of the fishes that died being deeply hooked. The results support the release of fish, either from mandatory (e.g. minimum landing sizes) or voluntary practices. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated that the impact of recreational fishing for particular species is significant and needs to be taken into account for more effective management and stock assessment purposes. It has also highlighted several management issues that should be addressed in order to promote more adequate regulations in the future and prevent noncompliance issues. A periodic monitoring of the recreational fishing activity including all fishing modes (i.e. spear fishing, boat, and shore angling) would also be beneficial to ensure a timely knowledge on the global recreational fishing activity and support future management actions.

Effect of elevated CO2 concentrations and irradiance on the photosynthetic performance of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Abordagens farmacológicas e modelos animais para a Lesão Aguda do Pulmão e Síndrome de Dificuldade Respiratória Aguda

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015