The EU landing obligation and European small-scale fisheries: What are the odds for success?

A landing obligation was formally implemented in the European Union (EU) for the first time, as part of the recent reform of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Given the reasonable success of the landing obligation in some countries such as the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Norway, this policy is seen as a viable approach to tackle the long-recognized discarding problem in EU waters. However, there has been some debate on whether there is sufficient evidence to support the feasibility of such a measure in the EU-CFP. The EU landing obligation will implicitly include all small-scale fisheries (SSF) provided the species captured are subject to catch limits or minimum sizes (in the case of the Mediterranean). SSF were included irrespective of the fact that the discarding problem in the EU has been historically associated with medium- to large-scale fleets (in particular largely mixed species trawl fisheries). Additionally, past experiences with a discard ban policy are still limited to specific countries and/or specific fisheries. This paper examined the appropriateness and feasibility of the recently implemented EU landing obligation in SSF. The effects in the long-term are unpredictable, but available evidence suggests that in the short to medium-term a landing obligation is likely to bring more negative social, economic and ecological impacts than benefits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Le mensonge qui imitait la verité: entre une ethique artistique et une ethique de vie

Ce mémoire création porte sur un apprentissage de deux ans sur les comportements scéniques de l'acteur et sur une approche théâtrale où l'éthique, l'esthétique et les techniques s’inspirent de l'authenticité de l'interprétation. Ce mémoire présente des réflexions sur une pratique théâtrale perçue à partir de quatre vocables du lexique de cette conception théâtrale: la confidentialité, le mensonge, l'effet et les monstres. Ce mémoire est composé de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre expose ma vision du théâtre avant de préparer la maitrise, puis souligne en quoi ma vision du théâtre et ma vision de la vie ont pu être influencées par ma première année d'étude. J'établis également un lien entre ces deux conceptions entièrement différentes. Dans le deuxième chapitre, j'expose la genèse qui nous a amenés à la création de Gogo e Didi: Cantata com prelúdio e fugas. J'y décris notre spectacle et j'expose le sens que nous attribuons au texte. Ce mémoire se conçoit et se comprend donc comme un outil d'accompagnement à la création de notre représentation et est aussi le témoignage de ce que nous avons acquis pendant ces deux années d'études. Le côté pratique de notre apprentissage est décrit dans le troisième chapitre autour des quatre vocables mentionnés. J'y définirai ces quatre termes et je ferai un lien avec nos explorations pratiques. N'ayant pas pour sujet principal la formation d'acteurs, cette étude permet de mieux cerner une conception théâtrale basée sur l'authenticité, à travers mon expérience et une réflexion personnelle où je démontre que la pédagogie du «faire» permet de mieux comprendre les difficultés et les différents comportements scéniques de l'acteur.

Bycatch and discards of commercial trawl fisheries in the south coast of Portugal

Bycatch and discards are a cause of great concern in commercial world fisheries, with important ecological, economic and conservation implications. With the recent inclusion of a discards ban (‘landing obligation’), in the reform of the EU CFP, these issues have gained a tremendous attention from the economic, scientific, political and social point of view. Demersal trawl fisheries off the southern coast of Portugal capture an extraordinary diversity of species and generate considerable amounts of bycatch and discards. Bycatch includes commercially valuable target-species and bycatch species with low or no commercial value, but the great majority consists of unmarketable species, that are discarded. Bony fishes are dominant in bycatch and discards and the most discarded are of low or no commercial value. The reasons for discarding are fundamentally economic in nature (lack of commercial value) for bycatch species, and legal and administrative (legal minimum landing size) for commercially important species. The study of the reproductive biology of Galeus melastomus, discarded by crustacean trawls, suggests that a minimum landing size should be established for this species, and explains the importance of such a study in the assessment and management of fisheries. The discovery of a new species of the ray Neoraja iberica n. sp. contributes to the knowledge of the local marine biodiversity in Portuguese waters and of the global marine biodiversity. The three cases of abnormal hermaphroditism recorded in Etmopterus spinax, are the first cases known to date of hermaphroditism in this species. There is a need to find solutions to the problem of bycatch and discards of trawl fisheries in the Algarve coast. A combination of technical, regulatory and economic measures to minimize bycatch and reduce discards, before implementing a ‘landing obligation’, is thought to be the best approach to apply in the southern Portuguese multispecies trawl fisheries.