Using a modified Nordmore grid for by-catch reduction in the Portuguese crustacean-trawl fishery

By-catch and discards are a common problem to all fisheries. Recent studies of the Portuguese crustacean-trawl fishery show that discards average 70% of the total catch. This situation poses a threat not only to the management of target and commercial fish by-catch species stocks, but also in terms of the ecosystem impact of the discarded species whose survival is generally low. Previous attempts to address this problem by using oblique separator mesh panels associated with square-mesh windows, or square-mesh windows alone, provided encouraging results, but these are unlikely to have commercial applicability at present. Therefore, we tested the efficiency of a modified Nordmore grid in excluding some of the most captured non-commercial by-catch species, such as the blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou, and the boarfish, Capros aper, evaluating simultaneously the losses of the crustacean target species (rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris, Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus and red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus) and commercially valuable fish by-catch. A total of 41 valid hauls were carried out during 2001, and 15 in 2002 on board the R/V "Noruega". Results from both years varied considerably, with higher by-catch exclusion rates, in weight, registered in the second survey (73-74 and 48-63% for blue whiting and boarfish, respectively). The corresponding percentage reduction for target species was 8-15% for the Norway lobster, 4-9% for rose shrimp and 7-10% for red shrimp. The level of exclusion of the non-commercial by-catch is encouraging, although short-term loss of Norway lobster, where the escapees comprised larger individuals, raises some concern with regards to fishers' acceptance of mandatory use of grids. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.