A global assessment of the effectiveness of different protection levels in marine protected areas of tropical waters, following a new categorization

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Characterisation of physiological conditions and evaluation of well-being in two species of bivalve molluscs (Ruditapes philippinarum and Chamelea gallina) intensively exploited in coastal and lagoon areas of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy)

Tese de Doutoramento, Ecologia, Especialidade de Ecofisiologia, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Estimation of unemployment rates in small areas of Portugal: a best linear unbiased prediction approach versus a hierarchical Bayes approach

The high level of unemployment is one of the major problems in most European countries nowadays. Hence, the demand for small area labor market statistics has rapidly increased over the past few years. The Labour Force Survey (LFS) conducted by the Portuguese Statistical Office is the main source of official statistics on the labour market at the macro level (e.g. NUTS2 and national level). However, the LFS was not designed to produce reliable statistics at the micro level (e.g. NUTS3, municipalities or further disaggregate level) due to small sample sizes. Consequently, traditional design-based estimators are not appropriate. A solution to this problem is to consider model-based estimators that "borrow information" from related areas or past samples by using auxiliary information. This paper reviews, under the model-based approach, Best Linear Unbiased Predictors and an estimator based on the posterior predictive distribution of a Hierarchical Bayesian model. The goal of this paper is to analyze the possibility to produce accurate unemployment rate statistics at micro level from the Portuguese LFS using these kinds of stimators. This paper discusses the advantages of using each approach and the viability of its implementation.

Applying the ecohydrology approach to the Guadiana estuary and coastal areas: lessons learned from dam impacted ecosystems

Ecohydrology is a scientific concept applied to problem- solving in environmental issues. It recognises that the present practice of relying nearly exclusively on engineering fixes to solve environmental problems is failing to restore the aquatic environment to a level that can sustain the quality of life that people are demanding. Ecohydrology is based on the ability of science to quantify and explain the relationships between hy- drological processes and biotic dynamics at a catchment scale and to manipulate these processes to increase the robustness of the aquatic system and thus its ability to cope with human- induced stresses. The concept was developed by the UNESCO International Hydrologic Programme (IHP) and the Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB).

Manutenção preventiva ou manutenção corretiva em linhas aéreas de média tensão? Utilização do data envelopment analysis como auxiliar de gestão dos ativos técnicos de manutenção

O uso de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) no setor de distribuição de energia elétrica tem dado origem à publicação de vários artigos científicos. No geral, estes artigos focam-se na comparação da eficiência das empresas de distribuição de eletricidade. Na generalidade dos artigos, o tratamento da informação tem sido predominantemente descritivo e classificatório, sem focar no processo de transformação. Em contraste, o trabalho que se apresenta aqui pretende mostrar as potencialidades do DEA na análise de variáveis do processo de transformação e procura explorar o seu potencial para a identificação dos programas e intervenções que contribuem para a melhoria efetiva no processo de distribuição de eletricidade. É nossa convicção que as avaliações de natureza formativa, com fins de aprendizagem, são mais eficazes do que os estudos sumativos porque contribuem para uma melhor compreensão das estruturas e processos, sendo portanto mais adequadas para contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma questão importante no contexto da análise DEA: a de investigar, se as diferenças de eficiência são devidas a um programa específico de gestão ou às características de conceção. Para o efeito, o estudo recorre a dois métodos diferentes para realizar este tipo de análise. Em primeiro lugar, aplicamos a estatística de rank de Mann-Whitney aos scores do DEA, a fim de avaliar a significância estatística das diferenças observadas entre um programa de tratamento e o programa de controlo. Em segundo lugar, procedemos a uma análise dinâmica com o Índice de Produtividade de Malmquist, a fim de estudar o impacto da introdução de uma nova tecnologia num grupo de unidades. O estudo de caso desenvolvido centra-se na avaliação do desempenho de linhas de média tensão afetas a uma das regiões de serviço de uma empresa de distribuição de energia elétrica, regulada pelo Sistema Público de Distribuição de Energia em Portugal (ERSE). Os resultados do estudo de caso mostram que a aplicação do DEA tem um grande potencial para contribuir para a melhoria dos processos e deve ser explorado noutros contextos.

The effect of conservation measures on the spatial and temporal variation of rocky fish assemblages in the Arrábida Marine Park

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely proposed for conservation purposes and as a tool for fisheries management. The Arrábida Marine Park is the first MPA in continental Portugal having a management plan, fully implemented since 2009. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protection measures on rocky reef fish assemblages and target invertebrates through before-after and control-effect (no-take vs. fished areas) underwater visual surveys and analysis of landings trends. Second, we used surveys before, during and after implementation of the management plan to understand fishers‟ preferences for fishing grounds and adaptation to the new rules, and evaluated the reserve effect through analysis of both ecological responses and fishing effort density. Third, we identified the main oceanographic drivers influencing the structure of reef fish assemblages and predicted the community structure for the last 50 years, in light of climatic change. Overall results suggest positive responses in biomass but not yet in numbers of some commercial species, with no effects on non-target species. The reserve effect is reinforced by the increase in landings of commercial species, despite increased fishing effort density in some areas, especially with octopus traps. Fishing grounds are mainly chosen based on the distribution of target species and associated habitats, but distance to port, weather conditions and safety also influence fishers‟ choices. Moreover, different fisheries respond differently to the protection measures, and within each fishery, individual fishers show distinct strategies, with some operating in a broader area whereas others keep preferred territories. Our results also show that wind stress and temperature are the main oceanographic drivers for rocky reef fish assemblages, with tropicalization of assemblages and polewards movements of species over the last 50 years consistent with temperature trends. We believe this study provides significant lessons for marine conservation and management of coastal systems.

The impact of the Arrábida Marine Park (Portugal) on the decapod crustacean Eualus cranchii: a case study

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univerisdade do Algarve, 2015