Contribuição para a elaboração de um plano de gestão integrada dos campos de Z. noltii na Ria Formosa

Este trabalho representa uma contribuição para a elaboração de um Plano de Gestão Integrada dos campos de Zostera noltii na Ria Formosa. Utilizando como ferramenta os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e através de foto-interpretação, foram cartografados os campos de Z. noltii na zona de sedimentos intertidais da Ria Formosa. Foi criado um modelo SIG para a análise da cartografia obtida com outros dados relevantes para gestão deste recurso natural, nomeadamente, as áreas intertidais cedidas para a cultura de moluscos bivalves, o Plano de Ordenamento da Orla Costeira Vilamoura – Vila Real de Santo António e o Plano de Ordenamento do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa (POPNRF). Considerando a importância da vertente social num sistema de apoio à decisão considerou-se relevante a análise da actividade de cultura de bivalves pela perspectiva dos profissionais (viveiristas) quanto à importância da Z. noltii no ecossistema e a gestão da actividade. Realizou-se entrevistas semi – dirigidas aos actores chave, inquéritos à comunidade de produtores de moluscos bivalves e observação não participada. Os dados obtidos foram manipulados com recurso ao modelo de Estratégia de Actores. Verificou-se que área total de Z. noltii na zona intertidal da Ria Formosa é cerca de 1304 ha, o que corresponde a 45% da área total intertidal. Nas classes de espaço do POPNRF 25% da área ocupada por Z. noltii está incluída em classes onde a acessibilidade é condicionada. A maioria dos viveiristas manifestou o seu descontentamento pela actual gestão da actividade com consequências na sua produtividade. Relativamente a Z. noltii a maioria dos profissionais desconhece a sua função no ecossistema, não considerando necessário implementar medidas de conservação. São propostas como linhas orientadoras de gestão: a implementação de um modelo de gestão participada da actividade de cultivo de bivalves, o desenvolvimento de programas de monitorização participada dos campos de Z. noltii e das áreas de cultivo de bivalves.

Estágio pedagógico em contexto educativo

O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de Física e de Química no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, pretende descrever, de forma crítica e contextualizada, todo o trabalho desenvolvido pela professora estagiária no decorrer da prática de ensino supervisionada realizada durante o ano letivo de 2011/2012. A referida prática de ensino decorreu na Escola Secundária João de Deus e na Escola do Ensino Básico 2,3 Dr. Joaquim Magalhães, em Faro, sob a Orientação Científica da Professora Doutora Maria de Lurdes Cristiano, na Componente de Química, e do Professor Doutor José Longras Figueiredo, na Componente de Física, e Orientação Pedagógica do Dr. Rui Poeira e da Dr.ª Manuela Barros. No âmbito da Componente de Química, foi lecionada, ao 10º Ano de escolaridade e em dez tempos letivos, a subunidade “Tabela Periódica – organização dos elementos químicos” da Unidade 1 - “Das estrelas ao átomo” da disciplina de Física e Química A. Relativamente à Componente de Física, a prática de ensino integrou a lecionação, ao 9º ano de escolaridade e ao longo de dez tempos letivos, da subunidade “Circuitos elétricos” integrada na Unidade 2 - “Sistemas elétricos e eletrónicos da disciplina de Ciências Físico-Químicas. Em termos de estrutura, o presente relatório começa por abordar a atual política legislativa de formação inicial de professores e a importância da prática de ensino supervisionada. Seguidamente, e após uma breve caracterização das Escolas Cooperantes e das turmas em que foi desenvolvida a referida prática, apresentam-se os manuais escolares adotados, faz-se a análise dos programas e orientações curriculares e descrevem-se a planificação e condução das aulas para ambas as componentes, bem como as atividades extra-letivas concretizadas pelo núcleo de estágio. Por último, analisa-se reflexivamente todo o trabalho desenvolvido, incluindo os aspetos que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional da mestranda.

Contribución al estudio del patrimonio de Cacela: cartografía, arquitectura y paisaje en el contexto del algarve oriental en Portugal

El presente artículo estudia la cartografía de Cacela en el sur de Portugal con el propósito de interpretar su transformación a través del tiempo, considerando la arquitectura, el urbanismo y el paisaje de forma integrada. La lectura de esa transformación se lleva de la mano de las principales cartas de Cacela que coinciden con el inicio del siglo XVII, la aproximación al final del Antiguo Régimen y la transición del siglo XIX al XX, asociando cada uno de estos tiempos a un modo particular de representación. La interpretación de las diferentes cartas está organizada, en términos me- todológicos, a partir del recurso a fuentes escritas de la época, culminando con la elaboración de un dibujo final que contiene la representación del espacio edificado y del paisaje de Cacela a mediados del siglo pasado. Este trabajo se inscribe en una investigación más amplia sobre las aglomeraciones urbanas de pequeña dimensión en las diver- sas subunidades geográficas del sur de Portugal, comprendiendo el paisaje, la morfología urbana y el levantamiento integral de todo el núcleo edificado.

Exploring an uncommon host-parasite interaction to unveil the uniqueness of Perkinsus sp as a model organism

We report the exploration of some unique metabolic pathways in Perkinsus olseni a marine protist parasite, responsible to significant mortalities in mollusks, especially in bivalves all around the world. In Algarve, south of Portugal carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus mortalities can reach up to 70%, causing social and economic losses. The objective of studying those unique pathways, is finding new therapeutic strategies capable of controlling/eliminating P. olseni proliferation in clams. In that sense metabolic pathways, were explored, and drugs affecting these cycles were tested for activity. The first step involved the identification of the genes behind those pathways, the reconstitution of the main steps, and molecular characterization of those genes and later on, the identification of possible targets within the genes studied. Metabolic cycles were screened due to the fact of not being present in host or differ in a critical way, such as the following pathways: shikimate, MEP-­‐ isoprenoids, Leloir cycle for chitin production, purine biosynthesis (unique among protists), the de novo synthesis of folates (absent in metazoa) and some unique genes like, the alternative oxidase (a branch of respiratory chain) and the hypoxia sensor HPH. All those pathways were covered and possible chemical inhibition using therapeutic drugs was tested with positive results. The relation between the common host Ruditapes decussatus and P. olseni was also explored in a dimension not possible some years ago. With the accessibility to second generation sequencers and microarray analysis platforms, genes involved in host defense or parasite virulence and resistance to the host were deciphered, allowing aiming to new targets (mechanisms and pathways), offering new possibilities for the control of Perkinsus in close environments. The thousands of genes, generated by this work, sequenced and analyzed from this commercial valuable clam and for Perkinsus olseni will be an important and value tool for the scientific community, allowing a better understanding of host-­‐parasite interactions, promoting the usage of P. olseni as an emerging model for alveolata parasites.

Searching biocompounds in marine natural extracts with potential use in tumor prevention and treatment

Cancer is a multistage process characterized by three stages: initiation, promotion and progression; and is one of the major killers worldwide. Oxidative stress acts as initiator in tumorigenesis; chronic inflammation promotes cancer; and apoptosis inactivation is an issue in cancer progression. In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of hexane, ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of five species of halophytes: A. macrostachyum, P. coronopus, J. acutus, C. edulis and A. halimus. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods, and the total phenolics content (TPC) was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by the Griess method, and by evaluating the inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW- 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts against HepG2 and THP1 cell lines was estimated by the MTT assay, and the results obtained were further compared with the S17 non-tumor cell line. The induction of apoptosis of J. acutus ether extract was assessed by DAPI staining. The highest antioxidant activities was observed in C. edulis methanol and the J. acutus ether extracts against the DPPH• radical; and J. acutus ether and A. halimus ether extracts against the ABTS•+ radical. The methanol extracts of C. edulis and P. coronopus, and the ether extract of J. acutus revealed a high TPC. Generally the antioxidant activity had no correlation with the TPC. The A. halimus chloroform and P. coronopus hexane extracts demonstrated ability to reduce NO production in macrophages (> 50%), revealing their anti-inflammatory capacity. The ether extract of J. acutus showed high cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, with reduced cellular viability even at the lowest concentrations. This outcome was significantly lower than the obtained with the non-tumor cells (S17). This result was complemented by the induction of apoptosis.

Development of a Piggybac based direct reprogramming system for derivation of integration free induced pluripotent stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) have great potential for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and basic research. Several methods have been developed for their derivation. The original method of Takahashi and Yamanaka involved the use of retroviral vectors which result in insertional mutagenesis, presence in the genome of potential oncogenes and effects of residual transgene expression on differentiation bias of each particular iPSc line. Other methods have been developed, using different viral vectors (adenovirus and Sendai virus), transient plasmid transfection, mRNA transduction, protein transduction and use of small molecules. However, these methods suffer from low efficiencies; can be extremely labor intensive, or both. An additional method makes use of the piggybac transposon, which has the advantage of inserting its payload into the host genome and being perfectly excised upon re-expression of the transposon transposase. Briefly, a policistronic cassette expressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and C-Myc flanked by piggybac terminal repeats is delivered to the cells along with a plasmid transiently expressing piggybac transposase. Once reprogramming occurs, the cells are re-transfected with transposase and subclones free of tranposon integrations screened for. The procedure is therefore very labor intensive, requiring multiple manipulations and successive rounds of cloning and screening. The original method for reprogramming with the the PiggyBac transposon was created by Woltjen et al in 2009 (schematized here) and describes a process with which it is possible to obtain insert-free iPSc. Insert-free iPSc enables the establishment of better cellular models of iPS and adds a new level of security to the use of these cells in regenerative medicine. Due to the fact that it was based on several low efficiency steps, the overall efficiency of the method is very low (<1%). Moreover, the stochastic transfection, integration, excision and the inexistence of an active way of selection leaves this method in need of extensive characterization and screening of the final clones. In this work we aime to develop a non-integrative iPSc derivation system in which integration and excision of the transgenes can be controlled by simple media manipulations, avoiding labor intensive and potentially mutagenic procedures. To reach our goal we developed a two vector system which is simultaneously delivered to original population of fibroblasts. The first vector, Remo I, carries the reprogramming cassette and GFP under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (CAG). The second vector, Eneas, carries the piggybac transposase associated with an estrogen receptor fragment (ERT2), regulated in a TET-OFF fashion, and its equivalent reverse trans-activator associated with a positive-negative selection cassette under a constitutive promoter. We tested its functionality in HEK 293T cells. The protocol is divided in two the following steps: 1) Obtaining acceptable transfection efficiency into human fibroblasts. 2) Testing the functionality of the construct 3) Determining the ideal concentration of DOX for repressing mPB-ERT2 expression 4) Determining the ideal concentration of TM for transposition into the genome 5) Determining the ideal Windows of no DOX/TM pulse for transposition into the genome 6) 3, 4 and 5) for transposition out of the genome 7) Determination of the ideal concentration of GCV for negative selection We successfully demonstrated that ENEAS behaved as expected in terms of DOX regulation of the expression of mPB-ERT2. We also demonstrated that by delivering the plasmid into 293T HEK cells and manipulating the levels of DOX and TM in the medium, we could obtain puromycin resistant lines. The number of puromycin resistant colonies obtained was significantly higher when DOX as absent, suggesting that the colonies resulted from transposition events. Presence of TM added an extra layer of regulation, albeit weaker. Our PCR analysis, while not a clean as would be desired, suggested that transposition was indeed occurring, although a background level of random integration could not be ruled out. Finally, our attempt to determine whether we could use GVC to select clones that had successfully mobilized PB out of the genome was unsuccessful. Unexpectedly, 293T HEK cells that had been transfected with ENEAS and selected for puromycin resistance were insensitive to GCV.

Molecular structure and functional analysis of runx3 in zebrafish

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, 2014

Predicting intention to work with social robots

The growing number of robotic solutions geared to interact socially with humans, social robots, urge the study of the factors that will facilitate or hinder future human robot collaboration. Hence the research question: what are the factors that predict intention to work with a social robot in the near future. To answer this question the following socio-cognitive models were studied, the theory of reasoned action, the theory of planned behavior and the model of goal directed behavior. These models purport that all the other variables will only have an indirect effect on behavior. That is, through the variables of the model. Based on the research on robotics and social perception/ cognition, social robot appearance, belief in human nature uniqueness, perceived warmth, perceived competence, anthropomorphism, negative attitude towards robots with human traits and negative attitudes towards interactions with robots were studied for their effects on attitude towards working with a social robot, perceived behavioral control, positive anticipated emotions and negative anticipated emotions. Study 1 identified the social representation of robot. Studies 2 to 5 investigated the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the negative attitude towards robots scale. Study 6 investigated the psychometric properties of the belief in human nature uniqueness scale. Study 7 tested the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior. Study 8 tested the model of goal directed behavior. Studies 7 and 8 also tested the role of the external variables. Study 9 tested and compared the predictive power of the three socio-cognitive models. Finally conclusion are drawn from the research results, and future research suggestions are offered.

Characterization of TRIB2 following PI3K inhibition

Dissertação de mestrado, Oncobiologia,(Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro), Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Fatores que condicionam a capacidade de descarga dos drenos verticais pré-fabricados

Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia Civil, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Loss of Par3 leads to aberrant divisions and faster mitotic progression in differentiating primary murine keratinocytes

Dissertação de Mestrado, Oncobiologia: Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015