1 resultado para DISCOMFORT
em Research Open Access Repository of the University of East London.
Filtro por publicador
- Adam Mickiewicz University Repository (1)
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (6)
- AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (3)
- ArchiMeD - Elektronische Publikationen der Universität Mainz - Alemanha (1)
- Aston University Research Archive (27)
- Australian Council for Educational Research (1)
- B-Digital - Universidade Fernando Pessoa - Portugal (7)
- Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações da USP (5)
- Biblioteca Digital | Sistema Integrado de Documentación | UNCuyo - UNCUYO. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO. (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (21)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) (24)
- Biblioteca Virtual del Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía (BV-SSPA), Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social, Spain (2)
- Bioline International (2)
- BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça (45)
- Brock University, Canada (4)
- Bucknell University Digital Commons - Pensilvania - USA (2)
- CentAUR: Central Archive University of Reading - UK (10)
- CiencIPCA - Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, Portugal (2)
- Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), India (1)
- Coffee Science - Universidade Federal de Lavras (2)
- Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC), Spain (7)
- CUNY Academic Works (1)
- Dalarna University College Electronic Archive (5)
- Digital Commons @ Winthrop University (1)
- DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center (6)
- DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1)
- Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland (5)
- Duke University (1)
- Instituto Politécnico de Santarém (1)
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal (12)
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada - Lisboa (3)
- Iowa Publications Online (IPO) - State Library, State of Iowa (Iowa), United States (1)
- Memoria Académica - FaHCE, UNLP - Argentina (6)
- Nottingham eTheses (1)
- Portal de Revistas Científicas Complutenses - Espanha (2)
- Portal do Conhecimento - Ministerio do Ensino Superior Ciencia e Inovacao, Cape Verde (1)
- QSpace: Queen's University - Canada (2)
- QUB Research Portal - Research Directory and Institutional Repository for Queen's University Belfast (2)
- RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (4)
- REPOSITÓRIO ABERTO do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga - Portugal (1)
- Repositório Científico da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra (1)
- Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal (13)
- Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém - Portugal (1)
- Repositório da Produção Científica e Intelectual da Unicamp (4)
- Repositório da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Brazil (1)
- Repositorio de la Universidad de Cuenca (1)
- Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV (1)
- Repositório Digital da UNIVERSIDADE DA MADEIRA - Portugal (1)
- Repositório do Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Portugal (3)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília (2)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP (3)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG (1)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (3)
- Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (162)
- Research Open Access Repository of the University of East London. (1)
- RUN (Repositório da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) - FCT (Faculdade de Cienecias e Technologia), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Portugal (8)
- School of Medicine, Washington University, United States (2)
- Scielo España (4)
- Scielo Saúde Pública - SP (21)
- Scientific Open-access Literature Archive and Repository (2)
- Universidad de Alicante (3)
- Universidad del Rosario, Colombia (24)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (14)
- Universidade Complutense de Madrid (4)
- Universidade de Lisboa - Repositório Aberto (3)
- Universidade do Minho (10)
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (1)
- Universidade Federal do Pará (4)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (22)
- Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (13)
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (3)
- Universita di Parma (1)
- Universitat de Girona, Spain (1)
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (43)
- Université de Montréal (1)
- Université de Montréal, Canada (15)
- University of Connecticut - USA (1)
- University of Michigan (15)
- University of Queensland eSpace - Australia (25)
- University of Washington (3)
- Worcester Research and Publications - Worcester Research and Publications - UK (1)
Resumo:
Rationale Self-titration is well documented in the tobacco literature. The extent to which ecigarette users (vapers) self-titrate is unknown. Objective This study explored the effects of high and low nicotine strength liquid on puffing topography, nicotine delivery and subjective effects in experienced vapers. Methods Eleven experienced male vapers completed 60 minutes of ad libitum vaping under low (6 mg/mL) and high (24 mg/mL) nicotine liquid conditions in two separate sessions. Measurements included: puffing topography (puff number, puff duration, volume of liquid consumed); and changes in: plasma nicotine levels, craving, withdrawal symptoms, selfreported hit, satisfaction and adverse effects. Results Liquid consumption and puff number were higher, and puff duration longer, in the low nicotine strength condition (all ps < 0.01). The mean difference in nicotine boost from baseline in the low condition was 8.59 (7.52) ng/mL, 16.99 (11.72) ng/mL and 22.03 (16.19) ng/mL at 10, 30 and 60 minutes respectively. Corresponding values for the high condition were 33.77 (34.88) ng/mL, 35.48 (28.31) ng/mL and 43.57 (34.78) ng/mL (ps < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between conditions in self-reported craving, withdrawal symptoms, satisfaction, hit or adverse effects. Conclusions Vapers engaged in compensatory puffing with lower nicotine strength liquid, doubling their consumption. Whilst compensatory puffing was sufficient to reduce craving and withdrawal discomfort, self-titration was incomplete with significantly higher plasma nicotine levels in the high condition.