À sombra de um passado por contar: banda de música de Santiago de Riba-Ul

O presente trabalho inscreve-se no domínio da etnomusicologia e propõe-se abordar o fenómeno das bandas filarmónicas em Portugal numa perspetiva eminentemente histórica, usando como recursos metodológicos a pesquisa de arquivo e o trabalho de campo. Tomando como exemplo a Banda de Música de Santiago de Riba-Ul, que se autodesigna “a banda mais antiga de Portugal”, e tentando contextualizar a sua existência bicentenária no movimento filarmónico nacional, procurei explorar o desenvolvimento que o grupo teve ao longo do tempo, a partir da análise de documentos de arquivo em articulação com os discursos produzidos no domínio da oralidade e do periodismo local. Através da análise histórica reflito sobre movimentos semelhantes aos da implantação de agrupamentos filarmónicos na Europa, a estrutura democratizada e multifuncional que foram adquirindo ao longo do tempo, os espaços de ocorrência, o repertório e os instrumentos. Tendo em conta que o universo das bandas filarmónicas em Portugal representa ainda um domínio pouco estudado, procurei neste trabalho definir um quadro conceptual sobre as diferentes designações associadas a agrupamentos de sopro em Portugal, que recorre à história como ferramenta essencial para o entendimento da relação entre designações e conceitos a partir da análise de funções, contextos e repertórios. Através do estudo de caso da Banda de Música de Santiago de Riba-Ul, procurei estabelecer um modelo de análise que é revelador sobre o modo como, em muitos casos, as bandas usam o passado (real, imaginado, vivido ou mitificado), transformado em memória semântica, como forma de legitimar o presente, convertendo a própria banda num documento/monumento. Esse estatuto conduz à reprodução do modelo de polivalência que o passado lhe legou e oferece-lhe, através de um jogo coerente de cumplicidades no seio do movimento filarmónico em Portugal, um lugar cativo no macrocosmos que aqui defini como um campo social institucional, a partir da proposta conceptual de Bourdieu.

Development of open models and tools for seismic risk assessment: application to Portugal

The exponential growth of the world population has led to an increase of settlements often located in areas prone to natural disasters, including earthquakes. Consequently, despite the important advances in the field of natural catastrophes modelling and risk mitigation actions, the overall human losses have continued to increase and unprecedented economic losses have been registered. In the research work presented herein, various areas of earthquake engineering and seismology are thoroughly investigated, and a case study application for mainland Portugal is performed. Seismic risk assessment is a critical link in the reduction of casualties and damages due to earthquakes. Recognition of this relation has led to a rapid rise in demand for accurate, reliable and flexible numerical tools and software. In the present work, an open-source platform for seismic hazard and risk assessment is developed. This software is capable of computing the distribution of losses or damage for an earthquake scenario (deterministic event-based) or earthquake losses due to all the possible seismic events that might occur within a region for a given interval of time (probabilistic event-based). This effort has been developed following an open and transparent philosophy and therefore, it is available to any individual or institution. The estimation of the seismic risk depends mainly on three components: seismic hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The latter component assumes special importance, as by intervening with appropriate retrofitting solutions, it may be possible to decrease directly the seismic risk. The employment of analytical methodologies is fundamental in the assessment of structural vulnerability, particularly in regions where post-earthquake building damage might not be available. Several common methodologies are investigated, and conclusions are yielded regarding the method that can provide an optimal balance between accuracy and computational effort. In addition, a simplified approach based on the displacement-based earthquake loss assessment (DBELA) is proposed, which allows for the rapid estimation of fragility curves, considering a wide spectrum of uncertainties. A novel vulnerability model for the reinforced concrete building stock in Portugal is proposed in this work, using statistical information collected from hundreds of real buildings. An analytical approach based on nonlinear time history analysis is adopted and the impact of a set of key parameters investigated, including the damage state criteria and the chosen intensity measure type. A comprehensive review of previous studies that contributed to the understanding of the seismic hazard and risk for Portugal is presented. An existing seismic source model was employed with recently proposed attenuation models to calculate probabilistic seismic hazard throughout the territory. The latter results are combined with information from the 2011 Building Census and the aforementioned vulnerability model to estimate economic loss maps for a return period of 475 years. These losses are disaggregated across the different building typologies and conclusions are yielded regarding the type of construction more vulnerable to seismic activity.