A utilização de smartphones numa experiência turística em Portugal : estudo sobre a participação nos media sociais através de aplicações para dispositivos móveis

O turismo é uma das maiores indústrias do mundo que gera receitas muito elevadas, sendo uma das principais áreas de atividade económica num número alargado de países e, por isso, torna-se essencial prestar um serviço eficiente e eficaz aproveitando, sempre que possível, as soluções e tendências tecnológicas disponíveis. A utilização dos media sociais através dos smartphones numa experiência turística vai acrescentar valor não só às viagens dos utilizadores como também ao turismo em si, pois há uma troca de experiências e opiniões entre todos os intervenientes. A presente investigação tem por objetivo geral identificar as atividades participativas realizadas por portugueses nos media sociais em smartphones nas diversas fases de uma experiência turística em Portugal, ou seja, no antes, no durante e no depois da mesma. Como hipóteses de investigação admite-se que as atividades realizadas em media sociais, o tipo de media publicado e partilhado da autoria do próprio utilizador e da autoria de terceiros e as aplicações utilizadas em smartphones diferem consoante a fase da experiência turística em que o utilizador se encontra. Assim, tornou-se essencial questionar sobre quais as atividades que são realizadas por portugueses a nível de partilha de informação através de smartphones numa experiência turística em Portugal. Apresenta-se uma análise e reflexão crítica sobre a importância da utilização dos media sociais em smartphones numa experiência turística. Primeiro procedendo-se a uma revisão do estado da arte sobre a problemática da investigação tendo como base os conceitos chave definidos anteriormente, para posteriormente fazer o estudo não só de aplicações portuguesas gratuitas para smartphones que utilizam o sistema operativo Android e que de alguma forma acrescentam valor a uma experiência turística de um utilizador, através de uma grelha de observação, mas, também, o estudo da utilização dos media sociais em smartphones numa experiência turística em Portugal, através de um inquérito por questionário. Um dos objetivos desta investigação é contribuir para o estudo e compreensão das dinâmicas de interação, a nível da partilha de informação, que os utilizadores mais recorrem nas diferentes fases de uma experiência turística e obter indicações, que se esperam úteis, sobre boas práticas e estratégias que podem ser adotadas por entidades turísticas com o objetivo de incluir os media sociais nas suas atividades de marketing e comunicação.

Cooperative positioning for heterogeneous wireless systems

Future emerging market trends head towards positioning based services placing a new perspective on the way we obtain and exploit positioning information. On one hand, innovations in information technology and wireless communication systems enabled the development of numerous location based applications such as vehicle navigation and tracking, sensor networks applications, home automation, asset management, security and context aware location services. On the other hand, wireless networks themselves may bene t from localization information to improve the performances of di erent network layers. Location based routing, synchronization, interference cancellation are prime examples of applications where location information can be useful. Typical positioning solutions rely on measurements and exploitation of distance dependent signal metrics, such as the received signal strength, time of arrival or angle of arrival. They are cheaper and easier to implement than the dedicated positioning systems based on ngerprinting, but at the cost of accuracy. Therefore intelligent localization algorithms and signal processing techniques have to be applied to mitigate the lack of accuracy in distance estimates. Cooperation between nodes is used in cases where conventional positioning techniques do not perform well due to lack of existing infrastructure, or obstructed indoor environment. The objective is to concentrate on hybrid architecture where some nodes have points of attachment to an infrastructure, and simultaneously are interconnected via short-range ad hoc links. The availability of more capable handsets enables more innovative scenarios that take advantage of multiple radio access networks as well as peer-to-peer links for positioning. Link selection is used to optimize the tradeo between the power consumption of participating nodes and the quality of target localization. The Geometric Dilution of Precision and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound can be used as criteria for choosing the appropriate set of anchor nodes and corresponding measurements before attempting location estimation itself. This work analyzes the existing solutions for node selection in order to improve localization performance, and proposes a novel method based on utility functions. The proposed method is then extended to mobile and heterogeneous environments. Simulations have been carried out, as well as evaluation with real measurement data. In addition, some speci c cases have been considered, such as localization in ill-conditioned scenarios and the use of negative information. The proposed approaches have shown to enhance estimation accuracy, whilst signi cantly reducing complexity, power consumption and signalling overhead.

Vaness: DNS for nomadic users in vehicular networks

Vehicular networks, also known as VANETs, are an ad-hoc network formed by vehicles and road-side units. Nowadays they have been attracting big interest both from researchers as from the automotive industry. With the upcoming of automotive specific operating systems and self-driving cars, the use of applications on vehicles and the integration with common mobile devices is becoming a big part of VANETs. Although many advances have been made on this field, there is still a big discrepancy between the communication layer services provided by VANETs and the user level services, namely those accessible through mobile applications on other networks and technologies. Users and developers are accustomed to user-to-user or user-tobusiness communication without explicit concerns related with the available communication transport layer. Such is not possible in VANETs since people may use more than one vehicle. However, to send a message to a specific user in these networks, there is a need to know the ID of the vehicle where the user is, meaning that there is a lack of services that map each individual user to VANETs endpoint (vehicle identification). This dissertation work proposes VANESS, a naming service as a resource to support user-to-user communication within a heterogeneous scenario comprising typical ISP scenario and VANETs focused on mobile devices. The proposed system is able to map the user to an end point either locally (i.e. there is not internet connection at all), online (i.e. system is not in a vehicular network but has direct internet connection) and using a gateway (i.e. the system is in a vehicular network where some of the nodes have internet access and will act as a gateway). VANESS was fully implemented on android OS with results proving his viability, and partially on iOS showing its multiplatform capabilities.