Perceção de emoções no canto: a importância dos estímulos auditivo e visual

Este estudo pretendeu examinar a importância dos estímulos auditivo (interpre-tação vocal do cantor) e visual (expressão facial do cantor) na perceção de emo-ções pelo público de uma performance de canto. Para tal, foram gravados, atra-vés de vídeo e áudio, dois cantores a interpretar pequenas frases melódicas com a intenção de expressar, isoladamente, as seis emoções básicas: alegria, tristeza, raiva, medo, surpresa e nojo. Para validar a expressividade dos canto-res, foi medida, através de eletromiografia, a atividade dos músculos faciais du-rante a performance da emoção e foram apresentadas as gravações áudio a um painel de especialistas que as caracterizaram em termos acústicos. Com base nas gravações audiovisuais dos cantores, foi criado um teste percetual no qual se pretendia que o ouvinte reconhecesse a emoção comunicada a partir apenas do áudio, apenas do vídeo, ou ambos. Comparando as respostas dadas, os re-sultados evidenciaram que o estímulo visual é mais eficaz do que o auditivo, e que a junção dos dois estímulos é a modalidade mais eficiente na perceção de emoções pelo público de uma performance de canto.

Assessing the combined effect of land management and wildfire on runoff and soil erosion in north central Portugal

Strong and sometimes extreme responses in runoff and soil erosion following wildfires have been reported worldwide. However, in the case of North-Central Portugal, little research had been carried out regarding the hydrologic and erosive impacts of several land management activities in recently burnt areas (such as ground preparation, post-fire logging or post-fire mitigation treatments). This study aims to assess post-fire runoff and soil erosion response on Eucalypt and Maritime pine plantations during the first, second and third years following wildfires. The effect of several pre-fire ground preparation operations (ploughed down-slope, contour ploughed and inclined terraces), post-fire logging activities (on both the eucalypt and pine plantations), as well as the application of hydromulch (a post-fire emergency treatment) on overland flow and soil erosion were compared to burnt but undisturbed and untreated areas. The intensive monitoring of runoff, soil erosion and selected soil properties served to determine the main factors involved in post-fire runoff and soil erosion and their spatial and temporal variation. Soil water repellency deserved special attention, due to its supposed important role for overland flow generation. Repeated rainfall simulation experiments (RSE’s), micro-scale runoff plots and bounded sediment fences were carried out and/or installed immediately after the wildfire on seven burnt slopes. Micro-scale runoff plots results under natural rainfall conditions were also compared to the RSE’s results, which was useful for assessing the representativeness of the data obtained with artificial rainfall. The results showed comparable runoff coefficient (20-60%) but lower sediment losses (125-1000 g m-2) than prior studies in Portugal, but especially outside Portugal. Lower sediment losses were related with the historic intensive land use in the area. In evaluating these losses, however, the shallowness and stoniness of the soils, as well as the high organic matter fraction of the eroded sediments (50%) must not be overlooked. Sediment limited erosion was measured in all the ploughed sites, probably due to the time since ploughing (several years). The disturbance of the soil surface cover due to post-fire logging and wood extraction substantially increased sediment losses at both the pine and eucalypt sites. Hydromulch effectiveness in reducing the runoff (70%) and sediment losses (83%) was attributed to the protective high coverage provided by hydromulch. The hydromulch significantly affected the soil cover and other soil properties and these changes also reduced the soil erosion risk. The rainfall amount was the main factor explaining the variance in runoff. However, a shift from rainfall amount to rainfall intensity was detected when either the surface cover or the infiltration capacity (hydrophilic conditions) increased. Sediment losses were controlled by rainfall intensity and surface cover. The role of soil water repellency on runoff generation was not consistent; the overall repellency levels alone were not enough to assess its hydrological impact. Soil water repellency explained runoff generation in the specific-sites model better than in the overall model. Additionally, soil moisture content was a better predictor for soil water repellency than antecedent rainfall. The natural rainfall results confirmed that RSE’s were able to capture the specific sediment losses and its organic matter content as well as the differences between the ploughed and unploughed sites. Repeated RSE’s also captured the seasonal variations in runoff and sediment losses attributed to soil water repellency. These results have implications for post-fire soil erosion modelling and soil conservation practices in the region, or areas with the same land use, climate and soil characteristics. The measured sediment loss, as well as the increasing frequency of ploughing in recently burnt and unburnt eucalypt stands, suggests ploughing is not an effective as a soil conservation measure. Logging activities with less impact are recommended in order to maintain the forest litter protecting the soil surface. Due to its high effectiveness in reducing runoff and soil erosion, hydromulch is recommended for highly sensitive and vulnerable areas.

Potential health benefits of Artemisia gorgonum extracts

Relevância etnofarmacológica: Artemisia gorgonum (Asteraceae), conhecida como “losna ou lorna”, é usada em Cabo Verde na medicina tradicional para o tratamento de inflamações, febre e gastroenterites. Estudos recentes sugerem que artimetina, isolada a partir de Artemisa gorgonum, poderia ser usada para o tratamento da malária devido à sua atividade antiplasmodial. Objetivo do estudo: Avaliação in vitro da atividade anti-microbiana e sinergética dos extratos hidroetanol (70%) e metanol de A. gorgonum (EHAG e EMAG) em bactérias do trato urinário e uma espécie de fungo. A atividade antioxidante dos extratos de hidroetanol (70%), metanol, clorofórmio e clorofórmio-metanol (1:2), e o efeito protetor de EHAG contra lesões hepáticas em ratos induzidos com CCl4 também foram analisados. Material e métodos: A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de A. gorgonum foi testada in vitro contra sete estirpes de microrganismos, incluindo bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e uma espécie de fungo. O método DAA (Decimal assay for additivity) foi determinado para atividade antibacteriana do EHAG contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa. O efeito antioxidante in vitro de vários extratos de A. gorgonum foi analisado pelo método DPPH. A lesão hepática foi induzida por injeção intrapeitoral do CCl4. Seguidamente, os ratos foram administrados oralmente com EHAG, diariamente, por um período de 7 dias. Resultados e Discussão: Foi observada atividade antibacteriana dos extratos de EHAG e EMAG contra todos os microrganismos usados neste estudo. O crescimento das estirpes de Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi o mais inibido por ambos os extratos, apresentando valores significativos, enquanto o crescimento das estirpes S. aureus e Klebsiella spp. foi o menos afetado. Candida albicans foi inibida fortemente pelo EMAG. As combinações de extrato hidroetanólico com antibióticos demonstraram atividade antibacteriana sinergética contra todos os patogénicos testados. Em contrapartida, a combinação de extrato metanólico com antibióticos permitiu observar efeitos antagónicos contra todas as bactérias, exceto Klebsiella spp. que apresentou atividade sinérgica. O EHAG e EMAG mostraram efeito significativo na eliminação do radical DPPH. A atividade hepatoprotetora foi observada em ratos previamente administrados com CCl4. Estes estudos evidenciam os potenciais benefícios de A. gorgonum.

Hospitalização em pessoas idosas : impacto na qualidade de vida

As pessoas idosas são hospitalizadas com mais frequência e por períodos superiores por comparação com pessoas mais novas. A literatura indica que a interação entre idade, patologia e cuidados durante o internamento influencia a perceção de Qualidade de Vida (QV) pela pessoa idosa. Esta investigação analisa a influência da hospitalização na QV e espiritualidade das pessoas idosas e pretende contribuir para melhor compreender a hospitalização na velhice, ajudando a desenvolver medidas que promovam a qualidade dos cuidados a pessoas idosas durante a hospitalização. A amostra compreende 250 participantes (≥65 anos). Administrou-se o EASYcare (Sistema de Avaliação de Pessoas Idosas) e a Escala da Espiritualidade em 3 momentos: admissão, alta e follow-up (6 a 12 meses após a alta). Os principais resultados indicam: i) na admissão, as pessoas idosas mais dependentes tendem a ser viúvas, não praticar exercício físico, sentir-se sozinhas e deprimidas; os independentes tendem a estar mais satisfeitos com a sua habitação e a gerir de forma autónoma as suas finanças, apresentando maior escolaridade e sendo mais novos; ii) na alta, as pessoas idosas diminuem a perceção da qualidade de vida, principalmente com aumento da dependência, diminuição da saúde mental e bem-estar, diminuição da mobilidade e capacidade de cuidar de si; iii) no follow-up, os participantes tendem a ser mais dependentes comparativamente com a admissão; o risco de queda é menor comparativamente com os outros momentos. O modelo preditivo de óbitos indica como principais resultados: falecimento entre admissão e alta tem como fatores protetores rendimentos suficientes e ausência de apoio social; falecimento entre alta e follow-up tem como fatores de risco idade e risco de queda elevado; falecimento entre admissão e follow-up tem como fator protetor antecedentes clínicos do foro cardíaco. As conclusões gerais sustentam a importância do aprofundamento da pesquisa sobre a influência da hospitalização na pessoa idosa na sua qualidade de vida, e a adoção de medidas e estratégias para a promoção da QV durante e após o internamento hospitalar. Estes resultados têm implicações na prática e na elaboração de políticas institucionais, pois permite compreender o impacto da hospitalização nas pessoas idosas, permitindo desenvolver medidas para melhorar os cuidados antes, durante e após o internamento hospitalar. Este estudo permite conhecer as necessidades das pessoas idosas durante o internamento e delinear estratégias para o follow-up, sendo adaptado às especificidades da população idosa Portuguesa.

Psycho-physio dynamics in violin-piano duo: a pianist's perspective

The case study looked at psychological and physiological responses to stress in musicians, comparing a newly formed and a consolidated violin-piano duo. The common element between these duos was the pianist. Using the psychological tests (STAI Y1 and Y2, K-MPAI, MMPI-2, ICAC), the immunoassay saliva test to measure cortisol (stress hormone) and non- invasive device VitalJacket® developed at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, participants were monitored under various performance conditions. Others quantitative and qualitative dataset were collected including a pianist’s personal diary (analyzed by psychiatrist), semi-structured interviews with members of long-terms chamber music duo and perceptual evaluations (listening test) of the performances by expert listeners. The variables included two performance venues (European university and secondary school), as well as well-known repertoire, recently known repertoire and newly known repertoire. The latter was given approximately one week before each recital. The psychological and physiological dataset were collected for a total of eight recitals – two series of four recitals each. The unexpected results show that state anxiety levels and stress of the pianist, who does not present an anxious profile, either in social or in musical terms, are always higher when playing with a well-known partner. Possible explanations may be due to the highest expectations for quality of performance and implications of mirror neurons (since the reactions are very different according to the partner). In other words, the “known” (i.e., the consolidated duo) can become “trapped” within a predetermined space, especially at the psychological level, while the “unknown” (the occasional duo) seems to be less involved and therefore more reassuring and exciting in positive terms. In addition, the preference of the expert audience is for the consolidated duo.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy: TTR sequencing and "in silico" analysis

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) or paramiloidosis is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with onset on adult age that is characterized by mutated protein deposition in the form of amyloid substance. FAP is due to a point alteration in the transthyretin (TTR) gene and until now more than 100 amyloidogenic mutations have been described in TTR gene. FAP shows a wide variation in age-at-onset (AO) (19-82 years, in Portuguese cases) and the V30M mutation often runs through several generation of asymptomatic carriers, before expressing in a proband, but the protective effect disappear in a single generation, with offspring of late-onset cases having early onset. V30M mutation does not explain alone the symptoms and AO variability of the disease observed in the same family. Our aim in this study was to identify genetic factors associated with AO variability and reduced penetrance which can have important clinical implications. To accomplish this we genotyped 230 individuals, using a directautomated sequencing approach in order to identify possible genetic modifiers within the TTR locus. After genotyping, we assessed a putative association of the SNPs found with AO and an intensive in silico analysis was performed in order to understand a possible regulation of gene expression. Although we did not find any significant association between SNPs and AO, we found very interesting and unreported results in the in silico analysis since we observed some alterations in the mechanism of splicing, transcription factors binding and miRNAs binding. All of these mechanisms when altered can lead to dysregulation of gene expression, which can have an impact in AO and phenotypic variability. These putative mechanisms of regulation of gene expression within the TTR gene could be used in the future as potential therapeutical targets, and could improve genetic counselling and follow-up of mutation carriers.

Avaliação do papel dos polimorfismos em enzimas metabolizadoras e enzimas transportadoras de fármacos em neoplasias hematológicas

O cancro é um dos maiores causadores globais de mortalidade e morbilidade, ocorrendo cerca de 14 milhões de novos casos por ano e 8,2 milhões de mortes anuais com esta patologia, números que tendem a aumentar 70% nas próximas duas décadas. A característica tumoral mais nefasta é a sua capacidade de metastização para outros órgãos, um mecanismo que pode ser despoletado pela falha dos mecanismos normais de controlo de crescimento, proliferação e reparação celulares, que facilita o processo de transformação de células normais em células cancerígenas. A oncogénese processa-se em três etapas, a iniciação, a promoção e a progressão e pode ter origem em células estaminais cancerígenas, que regulam as capacidades de propagação e recidiva do tumor. As neoplasias hematológicas resultam de alterações genéticas e /ou epigenéticas que conduzem à desregulação da proliferação, ao bloqueio da diferenciação e/ou à resitência à apoptose. Para além dos fatores de risco exógenos, como agentes carcinogénicos físicos, químicos e biológicos, existem também fatores endógenos, incluindo características genéticas, que podem alterar a predisposição para o aparecimento de neoplasias, bem como influenciar a resposta à terapêutica. Uma das terapêuticas aplicadas no tratamento do cancro é a quimioterapia. Os fármacos administrados a doentes oncológicos seguem normalmente o percurso de absorção, distribuição, metabolização e eliminação. Este curso pode sofrer alterações caso as proteínas transportadoras e metabolizadoras necessárias não atuem corretamente. Para um melhor conhecimento da influência das alterações provocadas por variações nos genes que codificam proteínas transportadoras de efluxo (MDR1, MRP1), proteínas de influxo (OCTN2) e proteínas metabolizadoras (UCK2), o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na avaliação de polimorfismos nos genes MDR1, MRP1, OCTN2 e UCK2 e da sua relação com a predisposição para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias hematológicas. Para isto, foram utilizadas amostras de 307 doentes com neoplasias hematológicas, 83 de Síndrome Mielodisplásica (SMD), 63 Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA), 16 de Síndrome Mielodisplásica/Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas (SMD/NMP), 77 de Mieloma Múltiplo (MM) e 68 de Gamapatia Monoclonal de Significado Indeterminado (MGUS) e 164 de controlos não neoplásicos e/ou indivíduos saudáveis. As amostras de ADN foram extraídas do sangue periférico com protocolo adequado. De forma a determinar os genótipos correspondentes a cada amostra, realizaram-se técnicas de RFLP-PCR e ARMS-PCR. Posteriormente, calcularam-se estatisticamente as frequências alélicas e genotípicas relativas às variantes polimórficas dos genes MDR1, MRP1, OCTN2 e UCK2 e verificou-se se estavam em Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. De seguida, avaliou-se a força de associação entre as formas polimórficas e o risco de desenvolvimento de neoplasias hematológicas, através do cálculo do risco relativo por análise de regressão logística. Avaliaram-se ainda os perfis genéticos e a possível relação com o desenvolvimento e progressão da neoplasia com recurso a regressão logística e análise de Kaplan-Meier. De um modo geral as frequências alélicas e genotípicas não se revelaram alteradas comparativamente ao esperado. A análise do odds ratio associado ao polimorfismo rs1045642 do gene MDR1 revelou que o genótipo CT pode constituir um fator de risco aumentado de 1,84x para o desenvolvimento de Gamapatias Monoclonais e 2,27x para o desenvolvimento de Mieloma Múltiplo. Por outro lado, a presença de genótipos portadores do alelo T têm um efeito protetor no desenvolvimento de MM (OR=0,41). O cálculo do risco associado ao polimorfismo rs4148330 do gene MRP1 revela que o genótipo AG é um fator protetor (OR=0,50) para o desenvolvimento de LMA, assim como o alelo G (OR=0,50). Além disso, verificámos que existe uma associação de risco de desenvolver neoplasia com o polimorfismo rs2185268 do gene UCK2. De facto, a presença dos genótipos CC e AC representam um fator de risco 4,59x aumentado para o desenvolvimento de SMD/NMP. O polimorfismo rs274561 do gene OCTN2 não apresenta relação com o risco relativo de desenvolvimento neoplásico. Da avaliação da influência dos polimorfismos em estudo na sobrevivência global dos doentes, podemos assumir que a presença do genótipo GG relativo ao polimorfismo rs2185268 do gene UCK2 representa uma diminuição da sobrevivência em 11 meses. Os resultados obtidos a partir do nosso estudo permitem-nos concluir que os polimorfismos podem ser fatores relevantes na predisposição para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias hematológicas e na progressão destas doenças.

Molecular markers for diabetic nephropathy

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the world. Globally, the prevalence of this disorder is predicted to increase, along with the risk of developing diabetic related complications. One of those complications is diabetic nephropathy, defined by a progressive increase in proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function. Approximately 25% to 30% of type 2 diabetic individuals develop this complication. However, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to contribute to the discovery of the genetic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, through the identification of relevant genetic variants in Portuguese type 2 diabetic individuals. The exomes of 36 Portuguese type 2 diabetic individuals were sequenced on the Ion ProtonTM Sequencer. From those individuals, 19 did not present diabetic nephropathy, being included in the control group, while the 17 individuals that presented the diabetic complication formed the case group. A statistical analysis was then performed to identify candidate common genetic variants, as well as genes accumulating rare variants that could be associated with diabetic nephropathy. From the search for common variants in the study population, the statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) variants rs1051303 and rs1131620 in the LTBP4 gene, rs660339 in UCP2, rs2589156 in RPTOR, rs2304483 in the SLC12A3 gene and rs10169718 present in ARPC2, were considered as the most biologically relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The variants rs1051303 and rs1131620, as well as the variants rs660339 and rs2589156 were associated with protective effects in the development of the complication, while rs2304483 and rs10169718 were considered risk variants, being present in individuals with diagnosed diabetic nephropathy. In the rare variants approach, the genes with statistical significance (p-value ≤ 0.05) found, the STAB1 gene, accumulating 9 rare variants, and the CUX1 gene, accumulating 2 rare variants, were identified as the most relevant. Both genes were considered protective, with the accumulated rare variants mainly present in the group without the renal complication. The present study provides an initial analysis of the genetic evidence associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and the results obtained may contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with this diabetic complication.

Association between common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms and sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma risk

Lipids can modulate the risk of developing sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SCA), since alterations into lipid metabolism and transport pathways influence directly cholesterol and lipids absorption by colonic cells and indirectly reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in rectum cells due to lipid accumulation. Lipid metabolism is regulated by several proteins APOA1, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG that could influence both metabolism and transport processes. Is been reported that several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes could influence their function and/or expression, changing lipid metabolism balance. Thus, genetic changes in those genes can influence SCA development, once the majority of them were never studied in this disease. Furthermore, there are contradictory results between some studied polymorphisms and SCA risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore and describe lipid metabolism-associated genes common polymorphisms (APOA1 -75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) status among SCA, and their relationship with SCA risk. Genotyping of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms (APOA1 75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) were done by PCR-SSP techniques, from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of 100 healthy individuals and 68 SCA subjects. Mutant genotypes of APOA1 -75AA (32% vs 12%; p=0.001; OR=3.51; 95% CI 1.59-7.72); APOB 3500AA (7% vs 0%; p=0.01); APOC3 3175GG (19% vs 2%; p=0.0002; OR=11.58; 95% CI 2.52-53.22), APOC3 3206GG (19% vs 0%; p<0.0001); CETP 279AA (12% vs 1%; p=0.003; OR=13.20; 95% CI 1.61-108.17), CETP 451AA (16% vs 0%; p<0.0001); NPY 7CC (15% vs 0%; p<0.0001); PPARG 12GG (10% vs 0%; p=0.001); and heterozygote genotype PON1 192AG (56% vs 22%; p<0.0001; OR=4.49; 95% CI 2.298.80) were found associated with SCA prevalence. While, APOE E4/E4 (0% vs 8%; p=0.02) mutant haplotype seemed to have a protective effect on SCA. Moreover, it also been founded differences between APOB 3500GA, APOC3 3206TG, CETP 279AA genotypes and PPARG 12Ala allele prevalence and tissue localization (colon vs rectum). These findings suggest a positive association between most of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms studied and SCA prevalence. Dysregulation of APOA1, APOB, APOC3, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG genes could be associated with lower cholesterol plasma levels and increase ROS among colon and rectum mucosa. Furthermore, these results also support the hypothesis that CRC is related with intestinal lipid absorption decrease and secondary bile acids production increase. Moreover, the polymorphisms studied may play an important role as biomarkers to SCA susceptibility.

Association between common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms and sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma risk

Lipids can modulate the risk of developing sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SCA), since alterations into lipid metabolism and transport pathways influence directly cholesterol and lipids absorption by colonic cells and indirectly reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in rectum cells due to lipid accumulation. Lipid metabolism is regulated by several proteins APOA1, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG that could influence both metabolism and transport processes. Is been reported that several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes could influence their function and/or expression, changing lipid metabolism balance. Thus, genetic changes in those genes can influence SCA development, once the majority of them were never studied in this disease. Furthermore, there are contradictory results between some studied polymorphisms and SCA risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore and describe lipid metabolism-associated genes common polymorphisms (APOA1 -75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) status among SCA, and their relationship with SCA risk. Genotyping of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms (APOA1 75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) were done by PCR-SSP techniques, from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of 100 healthy individuals and 68 SCA subjects. Mutant genotypes of APOA1 -75AA (32% vs 12%; p=0.001; OR=3.51; 95% CI 1.59-7.72); APOB 3500AA (7% vs 0%; p=0.01); APOC3 3175GG (19% vs 2%; p=0.0002; OR=11.58; 95% CI 2.52-53.22), APOC3 3206GG (19% vs 0%; p<0.0001); CETP 279AA (12% vs 1%; p=0.003; OR=13.20; 95% CI 1.61-108.17), CETP 451AA (16% vs 0%; p<0.0001); NPY 7CC (15% vs 0%; p<0.0001); PPARG 12GG (10% vs 0%; p=0.001); and heterozygote genotype PON1 192AG (56% vs 22%; p<0.0001; OR=4.49; 95% CI 2.298.80) were found associated with SCA prevalence. While, APOE E4/E4 (0% vs 8%; p=0.02) mutant haplotype seemed to have a protective effect on SCA. Moreover, it also been founded differences between APOB 3500GA, APOC3 3206TG, CETP 279AA genotypes and PPARG 12Ala allele prevalence and tissue localization (colon vs rectum). These findings suggest a positive association between most of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms studied and SCA prevalence. Dysregulation of APOA1, APOB, APOC3, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG genes could be associated with lower cholesterol plasma levels and increase ROS among colon and rectum mucosa. Furthermore, these results also support the hypothesis that CRC is related with intestinal lipid absorption decrease and secondary bile acids production increase. Moreover, the polymorphisms studied may play an important role as biomarkers to SCA susceptibility.