Design and performance of wireless cooperative relaying

In recent years, a new paradigm for communication called cooperative communications has been proposed for which initial information theoretic studies have shown the potential for improvements in capacity over traditional multi-hop wireless networks. Extensive research has been done to mitigate the impact of fading in wireless networks, being mostly focused on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Recently, cooperative relaying techniques have been investigated to increase the performance of wireless systems by using diversity created by different single antenna devices, aiming to reach the same level of performance of MIMO systems with low cost devices. Cooperative communication is a promising method to achieve high spectrum efficiency and improve transmission capacity for wireless networks. Cooperative communications is the general idea of pooling the resources of distributed nodes to improve the overall performance of a wireless network. In cooperative networks the nodes cooperate to help each other. A cooperative node offering help is acting like a middle man or proxy and can convey messages from source to destination. Cooperative communication involves exploiting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium to form virtual antenna arrays out of independent singleantenna network nodes for transmission. This research aims at contributing to the field of cooperative wireless networks. The focus of this research is on the relay-based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. Specifically, I provide a framework for cooperative relaying called RelaySpot which comprises on opportunistic relay selection, cooperative relay scheduling and relay switching. RelaySpot-based solutions are expected to minimize signaling exchange, remove estimation of channel conditions, and improve the utilization of spatial diversity, minimizing outage and increasing reliability.

Sectorial antennas for WSN localization system

This work investigates low cost localization systems (LS) based on received signal strength (RSS) and integrated with different types of antennas with main emphasis on sectorial antennas. The last few years have witnessed an outstanding growth in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Among its various possible applications, the localization field became a major area of research. The localization techniques based on RSS are characterized by simplicity and low cost of integration. The integration of LS based on RSS and sectorial antennas (SA) was proven to provide an effective solution for reducing the number of required nodes of the networks and allows the combination of several techniques, such as RSS and angle of arrival (AoA). This PhD thesis focuses on studying techniques, antennas and protocols that best meet the needs of each LS with main focus on low cost systems based on RSS and AoA. Firstly there are studied localization techniques and system that best suit the requirements of the user and the antennas that are most appropriate according to the nature of the signal. In this step it is intended to provide a fundamental understanding of the undertaken work. Then the developed antennas are presented according to the following categories: sectorial and microstrip antennas. Two sectorial antennas are presented: a narrowband antenna operating at 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and a broadband antenna operating at 800MHz-2.4GHz. The low cost printed antennas were designed to operate at 5 GHz, which may be used for vehicular communication. After presenting the various antennas, several prototypes of indoor/outdoor LS are implemented and analyzed. Localization protocols are also proposed, one based on simplicity and low power, and the other on interoperability with different types of antennas and system requirements.