The Riemann-Hilbert method applied to the theory of orthogonal polynomials

Doutoramento em Matemática

Numerical and combinatorial applications of generalized Appell polynomials

This thesis studies properties and applications of different generalized Appell polynomials in the framework of Clifford analysis. As an example of 3D-quasi-conformal mappings realized by generalized Appell polynomials, an analogue of the complex Joukowski transformation of order two is introduced. The consideration of a Pascal n-simplex with hypercomplex entries allows stressing the combinatorial relevance of hypercomplex Appell polynomials. The concept of totally regular variables and its relation to generalized Appell polynomials leads to the construction of new bases for the space of homogeneous holomorphic polynomials whose elements are all isomorphic to the integer powers of the complex variable. For this reason, such polynomials are called pseudo-complex powers (PCP). Different variants of them are subject of a detailed investigation. Special attention is paid to the numerical aspects of PCP. An efficient algorithm based on complex arithmetic is proposed for their implementation. In this context a brief survey on numerical methods for inverting Vandermonde matrices is presented and a modified algorithm is proposed which illustrates advantages of a special type of PCP. Finally, combinatorial applications of generalized Appell polynomials are emphasized. The explicit expression of the coefficients of a particular type of Appell polynomials and their relation to a Pascal simplex with hypercomplex entries are derived. The comparison of two types of 3D Appell polynomials leads to the detection of new trigonometric summation formulas and combinatorial identities of Riordan-Sofo type characterized by their expression in terms of central binomial coefficients.

Monogenic polynomials of four variables with binomial expansion

In the recent past one of the main concern of research in the field of Hypercomplex Function Theory in Clifford Algebras was the development of a variety of new tools for a deeper understanding about its true elementary roots in the Function Theory of one Complex Variable. Therefore the study of the space of monogenic (Clifford holomorphic) functions by its stratification via homogeneous monogenic polynomials is a useful tool. In this paper we consider the structure of those polynomials of four real variables with binomial expansion. This allows a complete characterization of sequences of 4D generalized monogenic Appell polynomials by three different types of polynomials. A particularly important case is that of monogenic polynomials which are simply isomorphic to the integer powers of one complex variable and therefore also called pseudo-complex powers.

Clifford-Hermite polynomials in fractional Clifford analysis

In this paper we generalize radial and standard Clifford-Hermite polynomials to the new framework of fractional Clifford analysis with respect to the Riemann-Liouville derivative in a symbolic way. As main consequence of this approach, one does not require an a priori integration theory. Basic properties such as orthogonality relations, differential equations, and recursion formulas, are proven.

Symmetric quantum calculus

Generalizamos o cálculo Hahn variacional para problemas do cálculo das variações que envolvem derivadas de ordem superior. Estudamos o cálculo quântico simétrico, nomeadamente o cálculo quântico alpha,beta-simétrico, q-simétrico e Hahn-simétrico. Introduzimos o cálculo quântico simétrico variacional e deduzimos equações do tipo Euler-Lagrange para o cálculo q-simétrico e Hahn simétrico. Definimos a derivada simétrica em escalas temporais e deduzimos algumas das suas propriedades. Finalmente, introduzimos e estudamos o integral diamond que generaliza o integral diamond-alpha das escalas temporais.

Polinómios de Appell multidimensionais e sua representação matricial

Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma abordagem a polinómios de Appell multidimensionais dando-se especial relevância à estrutura da sua função geradora. Esta estrutura, conjugada com uma escolha adequada de ordenação dos monómios que figuram nos polinómios, confere um carácter unificador à abordagem e possibilita uma representação matricial de polinómios de Appell por meio de matrizes particionadas em blocos. Tais matrizes são construídas a partir de uma matriz de estrutura simples, designada matriz de criação, subdiagonal e cujas entradas não nulas são os sucessivos números naturais. A exponencial desta matriz é a conhecida matriz de Pascal, triangular inferior, onde figuram os números binomiais que fazem parte integrante dos coeficientes dos polinómios de Appell. Finalmente, aplica-se a abordagem apresentada a polinómios de Appell definidos no contexto da Análise de Clifford.