Implicit optimality criterion for convex SIP problem with box constrained index set

We consider a convex problem of Semi-Infinite Programming (SIP) with multidimensional index set. In study of this problem we apply the approach suggested in [20] for convex SIP problems with one-dimensional index sets and based on the notions of immobile indices and their immobility orders. For the problem under consideration we formulate optimality conditions that are explicit and have the form of criterion. We compare this criterion with other known optimality conditions for SIP and show its efficiency in the convex case.

Effect of light on ex situ production of symbiotic corals

The increasing interest in coral culture for biotechnological applications, to supply the marine aquarium trade, or for reef restoration programs, has prompted researchers to optimize coral culture protocols, with emphasis to ex situ production. When cultured ex situ, the growth performance of corals can be influenced by several physical, chemical and biological parameters. For corals harbouring zooxanthellae, light is one of such key factors, as it can influence the photosynthetic performance of these endosymbionts, as well as coral physiology, survival and growth. The economic feasibility of ex situ coral aquaculture is strongly dependent on production costs, namely those associated with the energetic needs directly resulting from the use of artificial lighting systems. In the present study we developed a versatile modular culture system for experimental coral production ex situ, assembled solely using materials and equipment readily available from suppliers all over the world; this approach allows researchers from different institutions to perform truly replicated experimental set-ups, with the possibility to directly compare experimental results. Afterwards, we aimed to evaluate the effect of contrasting Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) levels, and light spectra emission on zooxanthellae photochemical performance, through the evaluation of the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) (monitored non-invasively and non-destructively through Pulse Amplitude Modulation fluorometry, PAM), chlorophyll a content (also determined non-destructively by using the spectral reflectance index Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI), photosynthetic and accessory pigments, number of zooxanthellae, coral survival and growth. We studied two soft coral species, Sarcophyton cf. glaucum and Sinularia flexibilis, as they are good representatives of two of the most specious genera in family Alcyoniidae, which include several species with interest for biotechnological applications, as well as for the marine aquarium trade; we also studied two commercially important scleractinian corals: Acropora formosa and Stylophora pistillata. We used different light sources: hydrargyrum quartz iodide (HQI) lamps with different light color temperatures, T5 fluorescent lamps, Light Emitting Plasma (LEP) and Light Emitting Diode (LED). The results achieved revealed that keeping S. flexibilis fragments under the same light conditions as their mother colonies seems to be photobiologically acceptable for a short-term husbandry, notwithstanding the fact that they can be successfully stocked at lower PAR intensities. We also proved that low PAR intensities are suitable to support the ex situ culture S. cf. glaucum in captivity at lower production costs, since the survival recorded during the experiment was 100%, the physiological wellness of coral fragments was evidenced, and we did not detect significant differences in coral growth. Finally, we concluded that blue light sources, such as LED lighting, allow a higher growth for A. formosa and S. pistillata, and promote significant differences on microstructure organization and macrostructure morphometry in coral skeletons; these findings may have potential applications as bone graft substitutes for veterinary and/or other medical uses. Thus, LED technology seems to be a promising option for scleractinian corals aquaculture ex situ.

A influência da participação em linha do utilizador na produção das webrádios: um estudo multicaso da Campina FM e da Rádio Comercial

A presente investigação aborda a relação entre a participação em linha do utilizador e a produção de conteúdo na webrádio, tendo como objetivo geral investigar se e como a produção das webrádios é influenciada pela participação em linha dos utilizadores no contexto transmedia. A pesquisa é dividida em duas partes. A primeira é teórica, na qual aborda-se os conceitos fundamentais da investigação e a metodologia adotada para a recolha e análise dos dados. A segunda é prática e se refere às recolhas de dados feitas em duas emissoras (uma brasileira, a Campina FM, e outra portuguesa, a Rádio Comercial) e à apresentação e interpretação desses dados. Em relação ao conteúdo teórico são adotados como conceitos fundamentais: webrádio, radiomorfose, narrativa transmedia, participação em linha do utilizador e produção em webrádio. A metodologia empregue se apresenta no método etnográfico e baseia-se em quatro técnicas de recolhas distintas: observação não-participante, observação participante, inquérito por questionário e inquérito por entrevistas. Tendo por base a análise dos dados recolhidos, as principais conclusões desta tese são: há a potencialização do utilizador nas narrativas transmedia apresentadas, com a rede Facebook sendo o recurso interativo mais importante, mas que, por limites da emissora (sejam conceituais ou técnicos), a participação do utilizador não tem influência direta na produção da webrádio.