CALCULATION OF SLOW MODE SURFACE-PLASMON POLARITON PROPERTIES RELATED TO EXPERIMENTAL-OBSERVATIONS

Recent experimental results definitively showed, for the first time, optical radiation mediated by the slow mode surface plasmon polariton of metal-oxide-metal tunnel junctions. Here, dispersion curves for this mode are calculated. They are consistent with first-order grating coupling to light at the energies of the experimental emission peaks. The curves are then used to analyze second-order and high-energy (> 2.35 eV) grating coupling of the polaritons to radiation. Finally, variation of slow mode damping as a function of energy is used to explain qualitatively the relative experimental peak emission intensities and the absence of radiation peaks above 2.35 eV.

2D-drop model applied to the calculation of step formation energies on a (111) substrate

A model is presented for obtaining the step formation energy for metallic islands on (1 1 1) surfaces from Monte Carlo simulations. This model is applied to homo (Cu/Cu(1 1 1), Ag/Ag(1 1 1)) and heteroepitaxy (Ag/Pt(1 1 1)) systems. The embedded atom method is used to represent the interaction between the particles of the system, but any other type of potential could be used as well. The formulation can also be employed to consider the case of other single crystal surfaces, since the higher barriers for atom motion on other surfaces are not a hindrance for the simulation scheme proposed.

Characterization and parametrization in terms of atomic number of x-ray emission from K-shell filling during ion-surface interactions

When highly charged ions are incident on a surface, part of their potential energy is emitted as characteristic radiation. The energies and yields of these characteristic x rays have been measured for a series of elements at the Tokyo electron-beam ion trap. These data have been used to develop a simple model of the relaxation of the hollow atoms which are formed as the ion approaches the surface, as well as a set of semiempirical scaling laws, which allow for the ready calculation of the K-shell x-ray spectrum which would be produced by an arbitrary slow bare or hydrogenlike ion on a surface. These semiempirical scaling laws can be used to assess the merit of highly charged ion fluorescence x-ray generation in a wide range of applications.

Frequency selective surface using nested split ring slot elements as a lens with mechanically reconfigurable beam steering capability

The design is described of a double layer frequency selective surface which can produce a differential phase shift of 180 ° as the wave propagates through it at normal incidence. The hand of an applied circularly polarized signal is reversed due to the 180° phase shift, and it is demonstrated that the exit circularly polarized output signal can be phase advanced or phase retarded by 180 ° upon rotation of the elements comprising the structure. This feature allows the surface to act as a spatial phase shifter. In this paper the beam steering capabilities of a 10 × 10 array of such elements are demonstrated. Here the individual elements comprising the array are rotated relative to each other in order to generate a progressive phase shift. At normal incidence the 3 dB Axial Ratio Bandwidth for LHCP to RHCP conversion is 5.3% and the insertion loss was found to be -2.3 dB, with minimum axial ratio of 0.05 dB. This array is shown to be able to steer a beam from -40 ° to +40 ° while holding axial ratio at the pointing angle to below 4 dB. The measured radiation patterns match the theoretical calculation and full-wave simulation results. © 2010 IEEE.

Contrasting damage characteristics in direct incidence and surface plasmon mediated single-shot laser ablation of aluminium films

Thin, oxidised Al films grown an one face of fused silica prisms are exposed. tinder ambient conditions, to single shots from an excimer laser operating at wavelength 248 nm. Preliminary characterisation of the films using attenuated total reflection yields optical and thickness data for the Al and Al oxide layers; this step facilitates the subsequent, accurate tuning of the excimer laser pulse to the: surface plasmon resonance at the Al/(oxide)/air interface and the calculation of the fluence actually absorbed by the thin film system. Ablation damage is characterised using scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy. When the laser pulse is incident, through the prism on the sample at less than critical angle, the damage features are molten in nature with small islands of sub-micrometer dimension much in evidence, a mechanism of film melt-through and subsegment blow-off due to the build up of vapour pressure at the substrate/film interface is appropriate. By contrast, when the optical input is surface plasmon mediated, predominately mechanical damage results with the film fragmenting into large flakes of dimensions on the order of 10 mu m. It is suggested that the ability of surface plasmons to transport energy leads to enhanced, preferential absorption of energy at defect sites causing stress throughout the film which exceeds the ultimate tensile stress for the film: this in turn leads to film break-up before melting can onset. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Density Functional Study on Reaction Activity of Steam Decomposition Products Adsorbed on Carbonaceous Surface

A systematic theoretical study on the adsorption of steam and its thermal decomposition products on carbon both zigzag and armchair surface was performed to provide molecular-level understanding of the reaction activity of all these reactants in biomass steam gasification process. All the calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p) level. The structures of carbonaceous surfaces, all reactants and surface complexes were optimized and characterized. Based on the value of adsorption heat been obtained from the calculation, the activity of all reactants can be ordered as: O > O2 >H2 >H >OH >H2O for both zigzag and armchair surface, and the adsorption style is physisorption to water molecule and chemisorption to the other dissociated components.