Nota preliminare sui nuovi scavi a Monte Ingino - La Rocca Posteriore sul Monte Ingino di Gubbio. (Campagne di scavo 1975-77):"La Nuova Italia

Flavell, P., C.A.T. Malone, and S.K.F. Stoddart, (eds.)..( ed.). G. Meloni. 1987," Editrice - Regione dell'Umbria, : Firenze - Perugia.

Convergence and tracking analysis of a variable normalised LMF (XE-NLMF) algorithm

The least-mean-fourth (LMF) algorithm is known for its fast convergence and lower steady state error, especially in sub-Gaussian noise environments. Recent work on normalised versions of the LMF algorithm has further enhanced its stability and performance in both Gaussian and sub-Gaussian noise environments. For example, the recently developed normalised LMF (XE-NLMF) algorithm is normalised by the mixed signal and error powers, and weighted by a fixed mixed-power parameter. Unfortunately, this algorithm depends on the selection of this mixing parameter. In this work, a time-varying mixed-power parameter technique is introduced to overcome this dependency. A convergence analysis, transient analysis, and steady-state behaviour of the proposed algorithm are derived and verified through simulations. An enhancement in performance is obtained through the use of this technique in two different scenarios. Moreover, the tracking analysis of the proposed algorithm is carried out in the presence of two sources of nonstationarities: (1) carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver and (2) random variations in the environment. Close agreement between analysis and simulation results is obtained. The results show that, unlike in the stationary case, the steady-state excess mean-square error is not a monotonically increasing function of the step size. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Peptide DV-28 amide: An inhibitor of bradykinin-induced arterial smooth muscle relaxation encoded by Bombina orientalis skin kininogen-2

Skin kininogens from bombinid toads encode an array of bradykinin-related peptides and one such kininogen from Bombina maxima also encodes the potent bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, kinestatin. In order to determine if the skin secretion of the closely-related toad, Bombina orientalis, contained a bradykinin inhibitory peptide related to kinestatin, we screened reverse phase HPLC fractions of defensive skin secretion using a rat tail artery smooth muscle preparation. A fraction was located that inhibited bradykinin-induced relaxation of the preparation and this contained a peptide of 3198.5 Da as determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Automated Edman degradation of this peptide established the identity of a 28-mer as: DMYEIKGFKSAHGRPRVCPPGEQCPIWV, with a disulfide-bridge between Cys18 and Cys24 and an amidated C-terminal Val residue. Peptide DV-28 was found to correspond to residues 133–160 of skin pre-kininogen-2 of B. orientalis that also encodes two copies of (Thr6)-bradykinin. The C-terminal residue, Gly-161, of the precursor open-reading frame, acts as the C-terminal amide donor of mature DV-28. DV-28 amide thus represents a new class of bradykinin inhibitor peptide from amphibian skin secretion.

Identification and molecular cloning of a novel amphibian Bowman Birk-type trypsin inhibitor from the skin of the Hejiang Odorous Frog; Odorrana hejiangensis.

In this study, an amphibian (Odorrana hejiangensis) skin extract was fractionated by reverse phase HPLC and fractions were screened for trypsin inhibitory activity. Using this initial approach, a novel trypsin inhibitory peptide was detected with an apparent protonated molecular mass of 1804.83Da, as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. It was named Hejiang trypsin inhibitor (HJTI) in accordance. The primary structure of the biosynthetic precursor of HJTI was deduced from a cDNA sequence cloned from a skin-derived cDNA library. The primary structure of the encoded predicted mature active peptide was established as: GAPKGCWTKSYPPQPCS (non-protonated monoisotopic molecular mass - 1802.81Da). On the basis of this unequivocal amino acid sequence, a synthetic replicate was synthesized by solid phase Fmoc chemistry. This replicate displayed a moderately potent trypsin inhibition with a K(i) of 388nM. Bioinformatic analysis of the primary structure of this peptide indicated that it was a member of the Bowman-Birk family of protease inhibitors. The substitutions of Gln-14 and Ser-17 by Lys, resulted in an increase in cationicity and a small increase in potency to a K(i) value of 218nM. Neither HJTI nor its synthetic analog, possessed any significant antimicrobial activity.

The effects and side-effects of statistics education: Psychology students’ (mis-)conceptions of probability

In three studies we looked at two typical misconceptions of probability: the representativeness heuristic, and the equiprobability bias. The literature on statistics education predicts that some typical errors and biases (e.g., the equiprobability bias) increase with education, whereas others decrease. This is in contrast with reasoning theorists’ prediction who propose that education reduces misconceptions in general. They also predict that students with higher cognitive ability and higher need for cognition are less susceptible to biases. In Experiments 1 and 2 we found that the equiprobability bias increased with statistics education, and it was negatively correlated with students’ cognitive abilities. The representativeness heuristic was mostly unaffected by education, and it was also unrelated to cognitive abilities. In Experiment 3 we demonstrated through an instruction manipulation (by asking participants to think logically vs. rely on their intuitions) that the reason for these differences was that these biases originated in different cognitive processes.

Are systemizing and autistic traits related to talent and interest in mathematics and engineering? Testing some of the central claims of the empathizing-systemizing theory.

In two experiments, we tested some of the central claims of the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory. Experiment 1 showed that the systemizing quotient (SQ) was unrelated to performance on a mathematics test, although it was correlated with statistics-related attitudes, self-efficacy, and anxiety. In Experiment 2, systemizing skills, and gender differences in these skills, were more strongly related to spatial thinking styles than to SQ. In fact, when we partialled the effect of spatial thinking styles, SQ was no longer related to systemizing skills. Additionally, there was no relationship between the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the SQ, or skills and interest in mathematics and mechanical reasoning. We discuss the implications of our findings for the E-S theory, and for understanding the autistic cognitive profile.

Next generation sequencing-based molecular diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa: identification of a novel genotype-phenotype correlation and clinical refinements

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a devastating form of retinal degeneration, with significant social and professional consequences. Molecular genetic information is invaluable for an accurate clinical diagnosis of RP due to its high genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Using a gene capture panel that covers 163 of the currently known retinal disease genes, including 48 RP genes, we performed a comprehensive molecular screening in a collection of 123 RP unsettled probands from a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds, including 113 unrelated simplex and 10 autosomal recessive RP (arRP) cases. As a result, 61 mutations were identified in 45 probands, including 38 novel pathogenic alleles. Interestingly, we observed that phenotype and genotype were not in full agreement in 21 probands. Among them, eight probands were clinically reassessed, resulting in refinement of clinical diagnoses for six of these patients. Finally, recessive mutations in CLN3 were identified in five retinal degeneration patients, including four RP probands and one cone-rod dystrophy patient, suggesting that CLN3 is a novel non-syndromic retinal disease gene. Collectively, our results underscore that, due to the high molecular and clinical heterogeneity of RP, comprehensive screening of all retinal disease genes is effective in identifying novel pathogenic mutations and provides an opportunity to discover new genotype-phenotype correlations. Information gained from this genetic screening will directly aid in patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, as well as allowing appropriate family planning and counseling.

Il Piano della Performance nei Comuni medi. La proposta di una nuova configurazione per superare l’inadeguatezza delle prime applicazioni

Il D.Lgs. 150/09 ha inteso dar vita ad una “riforma organica” della PA italiana, improntandone il funzionamento a logiche di programmazione e controllo delle performance. Attorno a tale concetto la riforma ha costruito un Sistema teso a programmare, misurare, controllare, valutare e comunicare la performance degli enti. Il lavoro si focalizza sulla programmazione, e in particolare sullo strumento cardine introdotto dal D.Lgs. 150/09: il Piano della Performance (PdP). Il contributo, basato su una metodologia deduttivo-induttiva, si concentra sui comuni medi italiani, scelti in quanto statisticamente rappresentativi del livello medio di complessità degli enti locali. Sono stati oggetto di indagine i PdP pubblicati sui siti istituzionali degli enti considerati, al fine di verificarne sia il livello di aderenza alle Linee Guida (LG) emanate dalla Commissione Indipendente per la Valutazione, la Trasparenza e l’Integrità delle amministrazioni pubbliche (CIVIT) e dalla Associazione Nazionale Comuni Italiani (ANCI), sia il loro livello di adeguatezza economico-aziendale. Preliminarmente si indagherà il tema della programmazione, sotto il profilo normativo-dottrinale, concentrandosi su soggetti, processi e strumenti. Poi si sposterà il focus sul PdP: dopo aver definito obiettivi, quesiti e metodologia della ricerca, verranno esplicitate le configurazioni di PdP emergenti dalle LG CIVIT e ANCI. Verranno poi illustrati i risultati della ricerca empirica, mettendo in luce il livello di allineamento dei PdP dei comuni medi alle LG, nonché il livello di adeguatezza economico-aziendale degli stessi. Si tratteggeranno quindi alcune brevi conclusioni.

Il performance measurement negli enti locali. Strumenti innovativi nella prospettiva economico-aziendale

In un'epoca di risorse scarse e di crescente disaffezione verso la politica, l'azione degli enti locali ha un impatto sempre più rilevante sulla qualità della vita del cittadino. A tal fine, l'adozione di sistemi di programmazione e controllo, supportati da idonei strumenti, diviene essenziale per il perseguimento dell'efficienza e dell'efficacia e dunque per riconquistare la fiducia del cittadino stesso. Il volume, sulla base di un'analisi della normativa (dai primi anni Novanta fino al DL 174/2012 e s.m.i.) e della letteratura nazionale ed internazionale in tema di performance measurement, identifica un Modello ottimale (Modello PerformEL) per la redazione di due documenti che possono avere un ruolo centrale nel sistema di programmazione e controllo locale: il Piano e la Relazione sulla Performance. La capacità informativa di questi ultimi è testata tramite un'indagine empirica che ha coinvolto i comuni con almeno 50.000 abitanti, comparando struttura, forma e contenuti di tali documenti con quelli ritenuti ottimali e quindi inseriti nel Modello. Sulla base dei risultati dell'indagine, che mostrano una diffusa inadeguatezza informativa degli strumenti analizzati, viene proposto un percorso evolutivo per la graduale realizzazione di documenti di programmazione e controllo che, al di là della loro 'etichetta formale' (Piano della Performance piuttosto che Piano Esecutivo di Gestione, Relazione sulla Performance o Report dei Controlli interni) permetta di semplificare l'architettura informativa dell'ente locale (nel rispetto del DL 174/2012) e parimenti di trasformare i molteplici inutili adempimenti in utili documenti di performance measurement.