Corruption and subsidiary profitability: US MNC subsidiaries in the Asia Pacific region

Would multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries be more profitable in host countries where corruption is less severe? Would MNC subsidiaries be more profitable in less corrupt countries if they focus on local sales? This paper examines the impact of the level of corruption on the profitability of US MNCs in the Asia Pacific region. Using foreign direct investment (FDI) data archived by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis and corruption data reported by the World Bank, we find that MNC subsidiaries located in countries with a lower level of corruption are more profitable. In addition, MNC subsidiaries with a greater focus on local sales are more profitable when the corruption level is low. This study contributes to the literature by showing that when local sales are important to MNC subsidiaries, a lower level of corruption by host countries positively affects the profitability of the MNC subsidiaries.

Transmission line matching effects on the performance of shunt-C/series-tuned and series-L/parallel-tuned Class-E amplifiers

The impact that the transmission-line load-network has on the performance of the recently introduced series-L/parallel-tuned Class-E amplifier and the classic shunt-C/series-tuned configuration when compared to optimally derived lumped load networks is discussed. In addition an improved load topology which facilitates harmonic suppression of up to 5 order as required for maximum Class-E efficiency as well as load resistance transformation and a design procedure involving the use of Kuroda's identity and Richard's transformation enable a distributed synthesis process which dispenses with the need for iterative tuning as previously required in order to achieve optimum Class-E operation. © 2005 IEEE.