Efficient Non-Linear Idealisations of Aircraft Fuselage Panels in Compression

Aircraft fuselages are complex assemblies of thousands of components and as a result simulation models are highly idealised. In the typical design process, a coarse FE model is used to determine loads within the structure. The size of the model and number of load cases necessitates that only linear static behaviour is considered. This paper reports on the development of a modelling approach to increase the accuracy of the global model, accounting for variations in stiffness due to non-linear structural behaviour. The strategy is based on representing a fuselage sub-section with a single non-linear element. Large portions of fuselage structure are represented by connecting these non-linear elements together to form a framework. The non-linear models are very efficient, reducing computational time significantly

Non-linear conductance of disordered quantum wires

The self-consistent electron potential in a current-carrying disordered quantum wire is spatially inhomogeneous due to the formation of resistivity dipoles across scattering centres. In this paper it is argued that these inhomogeneities in the potential result in a suppression of the differential conductance of such a wire at finite applied voltage. A semi-classical argument allows this suppression, quadratic in the voltage, to be related directly to the amount of intrinsic defect scattering in the wire. This result is then tested against numerical calculations.

Non-linear electronic transport in Pt nanowires deposited by focused ion beam

Electrical transport and structural properties of platinum nanowires, deposited using the focussed ion beam method have been investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals metal-rich grains (atomic composition 31% Pt and 50% Ga) in a largely non-metallic matrix of C, O and Si. Resistivity measurements (15-300 K) reveal a negative temperature coefficient with the room-temperature resistivity 80-300 times higher than that of bulk Pt. Temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics exhibit non-linear behaviour in the entire range investigated. The conductance spectra indicate increasing non-linearity with decreasing temperature, reaching 4% at 15 K. The observed electrical behaviour is explained in terms of a model for inter-grain tunnelling in disordered media, a mechanism that is consistent with the strongly disordered nature of the nanowires observed in the structure and composition analysis.

Universal elements for non-linear operators and their applications

We prove that under certain topological conditions on the set of universal elements of a continuous map T acting on a topological space X, that the direct sum T and M_g is universal, where M_g is multiplication by a generating element of a compact topological group. We use this result to characterize R_+-supercyclic operators and to show that whenever T is a supercyclic operator and z_1,...,z_n are pairwise different non-zero complex numbers, then the operator z_1T\oplus ... \oplus z_n T is cyclic. The latter answers affirmatively a question of Bayart and Matheron.

Sequentially continuous non-linear fundamental systems of solutions of affine equations in locally convex spaces

According to the Mickael's selection theorem any surjective continuous linear operator from one Fr\'echet space onto another has a continuous (not necessarily linear) right inverse. Using this theorem Herzog and Lemmert proved that if $E$ is a Fr\'echet space and $T:E\to E$ is a continuous linear operator such that the Cauchy problem $\dot x=Tx$, $x(0)=x_0$ is solvable in $[0,1]$ for any $x_0\in E$, then for any $f\in C([0,1],E)$, there exists a continuos map $S:[0,1]\times E\to E$, $(t,x)\mapsto S_tx$ such that for any $x_0\in E$, the function $x(t)=S_tx_0$ is a solution of the Cauchy problem $\dot x(t)=Tx(t)+f(t)$, $x(0)=x_0$ (they call $S$ a fundamental system of solutions of the equation $\dot x=Tx+f$). We prove the same theorem, replacing "continuous" by "sequentially continuous" for locally convex spaces from a class which contains strict inductive limits of Fr\'echet spaces and strong duals of Fr\'echet--Schwarz spaces and is closed with respect to finite products and sequentially closed subspaces. The key-point of the proof is an extension of the theorem on existence of a sequentially continuous right inverse of any surjective sequentially continuous linear operator to some class of non-metrizable locally convex spaces.

Model selection approaches for non-linear system identification: a review

The identification of non-linear systems using only observed finite datasets has become a mature research area over the last two decades. A class of linear-in-the-parameter models with universal approximation capabilities have been intensively studied and widely used due to the availability of many linear-learning algorithms and their inherent convergence conditions. This article presents a systematic overview of basic research on model selection approaches for linear-in-the-parameter models. One of the fundamental problems in non-linear system identification is to find the minimal model with the best model generalisation performance from observational data only. The important concepts in achieving good model generalisation used in various non-linear system-identification algorithms are first reviewed, including Bayesian parameter regularisation and models selective criteria based on the cross validation and experimental design. A significant advance in machine learning has been the development of the support vector machine as a means for identifying kernel models based on the structural risk minimisation principle. The developments on the convex optimisation-based model construction algorithms including the support vector regression algorithms are outlined. Input selection algorithms and on-line system identification algorithms are also included in this review. Finally, some industrial applications of non-linear models are discussed.

K-Theory of non-linear projective toric varieties

We define a category of quasi-coherent sheaves of topological spaces on projective toric varieties and prove a splitting result for its algebraic K-theory, generalising earlier results for projective spaces. The splitting is expressed in terms of the number of interior lattice points of dilations of a polytope associated to the variety. The proof uses combinatorial and geometrical results on polytopal complexes. The same methods also give an elementary explicit calculation of the cohomology groups of a projective toric variety over any commutative ring.