Sounds of the City

���Sounds of the City��� is a large-scale community project and exhibition commissioned by the Metropolitan Arts Centre (MAC) and led by artists from the Sonic Arts Research Centre (SARC), Queen���s University Belfast. Over a four-month period, the artists worked together with two intergenerational groups in Belfast with the aim of addressing specific sound qualities of places, events and stories. Themes that surfaced from this process constitute the basis for the exhibition which promotes listening as a form of intersecting daily life, identity and memory. Five installations address aural contexts ranging from Belfast���s industrial heritage to the local family home. These are shaped by present and past experiences of workshop participants at Dee Street Community Centre in East Belfast and Tar Isteach in North Belfast. The themes and contents of these installations center upon the relationship between sound and memory, sound and place, and the documentation of everyday personal auditory experience.<br/>All materials exhibited have emerged through workshops, interviews and field-recording sessions. Workshops acted as a basis from which to inform each group about the project���s aims, methods of listening, methods of documenting sound and the wider areas of soundscape studies and acoustic ecology. They also provided a central point allowing participants to organize outside activities and share material for exhibition.<br/>���Sounds of the City��� explores the relationship between sound and community through everyday life and presents a dynamic and ever-changing soundscape that shapes Belfast���s identity.<br/><br/>Sounds of the City has been exhibited at the MAC, Belfast 2012 and at Espa��o Ecco, Brasilia 2013.

Il Piano della Performance 2011-2013 dei Comuni italiani di medie e grandi dimensioni: allineamento normativo e adeguatezza programmatica in ottica economico-aziendale

Il presente lavoro intende individuare le possibili configurazioni di Piano della Performance (PdP) utilizzabili dagli enti locali, provvedendo poi a delineare il livello di distribuzione e di allineamento dei PdP 2011-2013 dei Comuni medi e grandi rispetto alle suddette configurazioni. Inoltre, verr�� valutato, tramite una griglia predisposta dagli autori, il livello di adeguatezza programmatica dei Piani della Performance dei Comuni medi e grandi, al fine di confermare le configurazioni esistenti o di proporne una nuova in caso di inadeguatezza delle prime.

Gli strumenti per la governance dei gruppi pubblici locali alla luce della riforma Brunetta. Una proposta operativa

Il lavoro ha ad oggetto gli strumenti di programmazione e controllo utilizzabili dagli enti locali ai fini della governance sulle proprie aziende di gestione dei servizi pubblici, alla luce delle riforme che hanno interessato sia il settore considerato, sia i sistemi informativo-contabili delle amministrazioni territoriali. Viene effettuata una proposta, anche in base allo studio della Legge, della dottrina economico aziendale e degli esiti di una ricerca che ha coinvolto i comuni capoluogo di Emilia Romagna e Toscana, per identificare un cruscotto informativo unico che coniughi esigenze informative degli enti locali, semplicit�� di utilizzo e rispetto della normativa attuale.

La governance degli enti locali sulle aziende di gestione dei servizi pubblici. Strumenti di programmazione e controllo in ottica di gruppo

Lo scopo del presente lavoro �� delineare un nuovo modello inerente l'organizzazione, i processi e gli strumenti di programmazione e controllo a supporto della governance degli enti locali sulle loro aziende di gestione dei servizi pubblici, con particolare attenzione per la variabile strumentale. E' stata adottata una metodologia mista, deduttivo-induttiva. Nella fase deduttiva �� stata analizzata la normativa italiana nonch�� la dottrina economico aziendale nazionale ed internazionale in tema di gestione dei servizi pubblici locali: in tal modo �� stato estrapolato un modello normativo-dottrinale inerente l'organizzazione, i processi e gli strumenti di programmazione e controllo a supporto della governance degli enti locali sulle loro aziende di gestione dei servizi pubblici. Nella fase induttiva �� stata realizzata un'indagine empirica che ha coinvolto i comuni capoluogo di Emilia-Romagna e Toscana, in modo tale da testare il livello di utilizzo del modello normativo-dottrinale precedentemente estrapolato Nella fase di feedback sono stati delineati i punti di forza e di debolezza del succitato modello emergenti dalla ricerca. Si �� cos�� cercato di proporre un nuovo modello, con particolare attenzione per la variabile strumentale, in grado di porre rimedio ai punti di debolezza e di potenziare i punti di forza del modello normativo-dottrinale.

Programmazione e controllo dei gruppi pubblici locali. Dagli strumenti esistenti alle soluzioni innovative per la governance.

Il tema dei servizi pubblici locali �� sicuramente centrale nell'attuale contesto socio-economico nazionale ed internazionale, in quanto essi hanno un impatto determinante sulle condizioni di vita dei cittadini e sulla competitivit�� dei sistemi economici. In ragione di ci��, negli ultimi anni in Italia numerose riforme si sono susseguite, con lo scopo di individuare l'assetto pi�� efficace ed efficiente per tale settore. Le suddette riforme hanno cos�� ridisegnato il ruolo degli Enti Locali, che saranno sempre meno gestori diretti e sempre pi�� direttori di una multiforme orchestra composta dalle aziende esterne chiamate a fornire in prima persona le prestazioni agli utenti finali. Il presente lavoro si propone di individuare, anche attraverso una ricerca sui Comuni capoluogo di Emilia-Romagna e Toscana, strumenti di programmazione e controllo in ottica di gruppo che consentano agli Enti Locali di svolgere questo nuovo delicato ruolo. Tali strumenti verranno disegnati sulla base delle necessit�� informative delle amministrazioni indagate e nel rispetto delle pi�� recenti riforme in tema di programmazione, rilevazione, gestione, controllo, valutazione e comunicazione delle performance pubbliche.

Exhibiting Maritime Histories: Titanic Belfast in the Post-Conflict City

The sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912 represents one of the most infamous maritime disasters in the history of shipping. Yet despite it entering the public imagination in the decades after its sinking, until recently it has all but been erased from the collective memory of the people of Belfast, the city in which it was built. In a post-conflict context, however, Belfast has begun to re-imagine the role of the ship in the city���s history, most particularly in the re-development of the docklands area and its designation as the Titanic Quarter, and through its landmark project the Titanic Belfast museum. This paper will trace the economic, social and political context from which the Titanic was built, and the role that this played in silencing any very public commemoration of its sinking until after the signing of the Belfast Agreement. The ���story��� told in the new museum will be analysed from this perspective and will illustrate how the wounds of the Troubles continue to inform the interpretation of the city���s divided past.

Streets for people, or why we should reuse buildings in the city centre

Cities are constantly changing, and city centres are the pinnacle of that change. In the last hundred years these changes have been dramatic, transforming city centres from a complex combination of uses into exclusively retail and leisure areas. Meanwhile, most residents of city centres fled to the suburbs, removing much of the livelihood of central areas. These transformations has been stronger in Northern Europe and especially in English speaking countries, where zoning policies were instrumental in urban development since the 1960s. This process along with the rise of shopping malls left many city centre streets lifeless, which in turn caused the dereliction and demolition of significant heritage areas and buildings. Belfast is no exception, where the broad process of suburbanization and zoning since the 1970s produced a city centre for either retail or dereliction, where much built heritage has been lost or is at risk of being lost.

City visioning and the turn to community:The case of Derry/Londonderry

In the 1980s, urban re-imaging and place marketing were vital elements in the strategies of post-industrial cities aiming to redefine their role, make themselves more competitive and attract global investment and tourists. By the early 1990s, the questionable effects of trickle-down economics on deprived housing estates and the rediscovery of the 'community' as a social partner shifted both the substance and process of vision exercises. This paper examines the experience of building an input into a city vision that aimed to address social and ethno-religious segregation in Derry/Londonderry. Designing a consensus statement for a city that cannot agree its name, was wrecked by bloody violence and has its hinterland fractured by a contested international border, is a difficult and delicate process. The city had a population of 105 800 people in 1998, but is divided by the river Foyle between the mainly Catholic Cityside (to the north and west) and the mainly Protestant Waterside (to the south and east). The analysis connects with the literature on urban policy that emphasises the importance of argumentation and democratic debate in strategic planning and local regeneration (Forester, 1989; Healey, 1996). The paper concludes by arguing that strategies for 'listening' would help to shape a vision that could mobilise community interests around some common urban regional issues and help to promote social and ethno-religious polarisation as mainstream policy concerns.

Productive Synergies in the City

The chapter focuses on the development of sustainable growing infrastructure in the city at two scales. Firstly the development of a large-scale city wide fuel productive landscape through the development of algae arrays in Liverpool and their connection through urban agriculture systems to develop a closed-cycle food and energy system where waste is food and secondly a hyper-localised neighbourhood food production system in Salford UK that utilises a closed cycle aquaponic system to re-invigorate an urban food desert. <br/><br/>The author develops a three-part model for the implementation of urban agriculture based on hardware (the technological system), software (the biological components) and interface (the links to food and other social networks). The conclusion being that it is possible to develop urban agriculture in cities if their implementation is seen as a process, rather than a static design. Also that as the benefits of such systems are wider than purely the physical outputs of the system in terms of energy and food, and thus we should re-evaluate the purely economic model of appraisal to include these.<br/>

A European Culture War in the Twentieth Century? Antic-Catholicism and Anti-Bolshevism between Moscow, Berlin, and the Vatican 1922 to 1933

The term ���culture war��� has become a generic expression for secular-catholic conflicts across nineteenth-century Europe. Yet, if measured by acts of violence, anticlericalism peaked in the years between 1927 and 1939, when thousands of Catholic priests and believers were imprisoned or executed and hundreds of churches razed in Mexico, Spain and Russia. This essay argues that not only in these three countries, but indeed across Europe a culture war raged in the interwar period. It takes, as a case study, the interaction of communist and Catholic actors located in the Vatican, the Soviet Union, and Germany in the period between the beginning of the Pontificate of Pius XI in 1922 and Hitler���s appointment as chancellor of Germany in 1933. Using correspondence and reports from the Vatican archives, this essay shows how Papal officials and communist leaders each sought to mobilize the German populace to achieve their own diplomatic ends. German Catholics and communists gladly responded to the call to arms that sounded from Rome and Moscow in 1930, but they did so also to further their own domestic goals. The case study shows how national contexts inflected the transnational dynamics of radical anti-Catholicism in interwar Europe. In the end, agitation against ���godlessness��� did not lead to the return of a ���Christian State��� desired by many conservative Christians. Instead, the culture war further destabilized the republic and added a religious dimension to a landscape well suited to National Socialist efforts to reach a Christian population otherwise mistrustful of its v��lkisch and anticlerical elements.

Introduction: Beyond the Divided City: Policies and Practices of Shared Space

Introduction to special feature on 'post-conflict' Belfast