Switching between molecular switch types by module rearrangement:Ca -enabled, H-driven 'off-on-off', H-driven YES and PASS 0 as well as H, Ca-driven AND logic operations

Several logic gates and switches can be accessed from two different combinations of a single set of fluorophore, receptor and spacer components.

Coping with the wash

With the growth in the use of fast ferries on routes previously served by conventional ships, increasing numbers of wash problems have been reported. Here, we describe these problems and explain the differences between different vessels’ wash characteristics. Measures are described which can be used to manage the resultant risk to the users of the coastal environment.