The effects of a volunteer mentoring programme on reading outcomes among eight- to nine-year-old children: A follow up randomized controlled trial

This article presents the findings of a randomized controlled trial evaluation of the effects of a revised version of the volunteer mentoring programme, Time to Read. Participating children received two 30-minute mentoring sessions per week from volunteer mentors who carried out paired reading activities with the children. The current trial involved 512 children aged eight to nine years from 50 primary schools. The programme was found to be effective in improving decoding skills (d=+.15), reading rate (d=+.22) and reading fluency (d=+.14) and there was some evidence of a positive effect in relation to the children’s aspirations for the future (d=+.11). However, no evidence was found of the programme having an effect on reading comprehension or reading confidence and enjoyment of reading. The article concludes by suggesting that mentoring programmes using non-specialist volunteers can be effective in improving foundational reading skills but would appear to be less effective in terms of improving higher-order skills such as comprehension. The article also suggests that such programmes are likely to be most effective if concentrating on core reading activities rather than attempting to address reading outcomes indirectly through improving children’s confidence or wider enjoyment of reading.

Internet use and psychological wellbeing among 10 and 11 year old children

This paper uses data from the 2009 Kids’ Life and Times Survey, involving 3657 children aged 10 or 11 years old in Northern Ireland. The survey indicated high levels of use of Internet applications, including social-networking sites and online games. Using the KIDSCREEN-27 instrument, the data indicate that the use of social-networking sites and online games is related to poorer psychological well-being among girls, but not boys. Boys and girls who experience “cyberbullying” have poorer psychological well-being. This association between psychological well-being and some Internet applications merits more attention in future research and policy development.

Responsive homes of old Cairo:Learning from the past, feeding in the future

This is a working paper published in On-line E-book

Responsive homes of old Cairo: Learning from the past, feeding in the future

By investigating the social dynamics of home in one of the enduring communities of Cairo, this paper reveals the way ordinary people construct and consume their private and public domains on a daily basis. It reveals what is central and what is marginal in the cognitive idea of home. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary strategy of investigation, utilizing sociological and anthropological data to read and visit spatial practices in the home. Building on historical as well as contemporary accounts of residents and families, the concept of home is envisioned as a spectrum of social spheres that is liberated from the physical determinants of space, hence revealing a new domain of part-time spaces and dynamic spatiality. The emergent idea of home intertwines work, domesticity, recreation and hospitality in interplay of space-activity-time relationships. Homes of old Cairo have proved to be responsive to continuous change, and have evolved dynamic forms of the temporal settings required for accommodation of emerging home-based professional activities such as hospitality, home-workers, and care-homes.

Internet Use and Psychological Well-being among 10-year-old and 11-year-old Children

This paper uses data from the 2009 Kids’ Life and Times Survey, involving 3657 children aged 10 or 11 years old in Northern Ireland. The survey indicated high levels of use of Internet applications, including social-networking sites and online games. Using the KIDSCREEN-27 instrument, the data indicate that the use of social-networking sites and online games is related to poorer psychological well-being among girls, but not boys. Boys and girls who experience “cyberbullying” have poorer psychological well-being. This association between psychological well-being and some Internet applications merits more attention in future research and policy development.

DENSE GAS IN NEARBY GALAXIES .9. A SURVEY FOR HNC

Ten detections and five tentative detections of hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) J=1-0 emission are reported from a survey including sixteen galaxies. Full maps are presented for the nuclear regions of NGC 253 and IC 342, partial maps for Maffei 2, M 82, and M 83. Toward IC 342, the HNC and HCO+ distributions differ from those observed in 12CO, 13CO, HCN, CS, and NH3. This is likely a consequence of the density structure. Relative HNC abundances are with 10(-10)-10(-9) much smaller than those measured in nearby dark clouds and appear to be slightly smaller than those in regions of massive star formation of the Galactic disk. This is consistent with the presence of dense warm gas or a frequent occurrence of shocks in the nuclear regions of the galaxies observed. As in prominent Galactic star forming regions, 3 mm HNC line emission tends to be weaker than the corresponding emission from HCN and HCO+. Toward Arp 220, however, the 3 mm HNC/HCN line intensity ratio is > 1. HNC/HCO+, HNC/CO, and HNC to 20 cm radio continuum luminosity ratios are also particularly large. A possible interpretation is the presence of cool quiescent gas outside the central region which contains the starburst. In the other ultraluminous galaxy observed, NGC 6240, X(HNC) 10 smaller than in Arp 220, demonstrating that the molecular composition in ultraluminous galaxies is far from being uniform.

DENSE GAS IN NEARBY GALAXIES .6. A LARGE C-12/C-13 RATIO IN A NUCLEAR STARBURST ENVIRONMENT

Toward the starburst nucleus of NGC 253, C-12/C-13 line intensity ratios from six carbon bearing molecules (CO, CN, CS, HCN, HCO+, and HNC) are used to confine the possible range of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios. A detailed analysis yields C-12/C-13 approximately 40 and O-16/O-18 approximately 200. Also reported are first detections of (CS)-C-13 and of the 0(0) - 1(-1) E line of methanol (CH3OH) in an extragalactic source.

Happiness and Well-Being of Young Carers: Extent, Nature and Correlates of Caring Among 10 and 11 Year Old School Children

Young carers often take on practical and/or emotional caring responsibilities that would normally be expected of an adult. For many of these children and young people, caring has been shown to have a detrimental effect on their lives. For example, caring at a young age appears to be associated with poor health and well-being, bullying and poorer educational outcomes. However, previous research has tended to be retrospective, carried out using small surveys of secondary school-aged children or to use qualitative methods with young people associated with caring projects. In contrast, little is known about the extent and nature of caring undertaken by younger children. This paper reports findings from a random sample survey of 10 and 11 year old children in the final year of their primary school education. 4,192 children completed the Kids’ Life and Times (KLT) online survey in 2011. Twelve percent of respondents to KLT said they helped look after someone in their household who was sick, elderly or disabled. Supporting previous qualitative research, this survey showed that children who were carers had poorer health and well-being, reported less happiness with their lives, were more likely to be bullied at school and had poorer educational aspirations and outcomes than their peers who were not carers. These findings suggest that teachers need to discuss the issue of caring with children in the classroom in a general and supportive way so that young carers feel able to confide in them and seek support if they need it.

Two type Ic supernovae in low-metallicity, dwarf galaxies: diversity of explosions

Aims. The aim of this paper is to discuss the nature of two type Ic supernovae SN 2007bg and SN 2007bi and their host galaxies. Both supernovae were discovered in wide-field, non-targeted surveys and are found to be associated with sub-luminous blue dwarf galaxies identified in SDSS images.