Megalithic Cultures in Britain and their relationship to Western Europe.:Meeting on Megalithic Culture. Comparing Prehistoric ruins of the East and Europe,

H. Kanaseki, Editor. 2003, UNESCO-Cultural Heritage Protection Office: Horen-Cho, Nara.

Postcolonial Culture on Dependent Islands

This article first considers the significance of historical experience in academic studies, including postcolonial studies, concluding with Jane M. Jacobs that ���the structures of power that gave rise to empire live on in a more disorganised fashion.��� They live on in an organized way, too, in that many islands remain in a colonial relationship, being simultaneously colonial and postcolonial, although having tended ���to slip the net of postcolonial theorising.��� The article attempts to help fill this gap, especially through consideration of Brian Rourke���s ideas on cultural imposition applied to dependent islands and through investigation of why some islands have not progressed to independence. Case study detail is presented, especially for Bermuda and the Falkland Islands.

Devotional Culture in Late Medieval England and Europe: Diverse Imaginations of Christ���s Life

Christ���s life, as related through the Gospel narratives and early Apocrypha, was subject to a riot of literary-devotional adaptation in the medieval period. This collection provides a series of groundbreaking studies centring on the devotional and cultural significance of Christianity���s pivotal story during the Middle Ages.<br/><br/>The collection represents an important milestone in terms of mapping the meditative modes of piety that characterize a number of Christological traditions, including the Meditationes vitae Christi and the numerous versions it spawned in both Latin and the vernacular. A number of chapters in the volume track how and why meditative piety grew in popularity to become a mode of spiritual activity advised not only to recluses and cenobites as in the writings of Aelred of Rievaulx, but also reached out to diverse lay audiences through the pastoral regimens prescribed by devotional authors such as the Carthusian prior Nicholas Love in England and the Parisian theologian and chancellor of the University of Paris, Jean Gerson.<br/><br/>Through exploring these texts from a variety of perspectives ��� theoretical, codicological, theological ��� and through tracing their complex lines of dissemination in ideological and material terms, this collection promises to be invaluable to students and scholars of medieval religious and literary culture.

Isolation and culture of mouse intestinal cells.

Complex cell signal transduction mechanisms regulate intestinal epithelial shape, polarity, motility, organelles, cell membrane components as well as physical and mechanical properties to influence alimentary digestion, absorption, secretion, detoxification and fluid balance. Interactions between the epithelial cells and adjacent mesenchyme are central to intestinal homeostasis although the key regulatory molecules of specific differentiation steps remain unclear. Isolation and primary culture of heterotypic murine intestinal cells provides a model system for elucidation of essential molecular cross-talk between epithelium and mesenchyme that may provide several biological and practical advantages over transformed cell lines. An in vitro primary culture system for neonatal rat or mouse intestinal cells has been established that forms monolayers, expresses intestine-specific epithelial features including intestinal brush borders and appropriate hydrolase enzymes. Our studies confirm the promise of this method which may advance our understanding of heterotypic cellular interactions implicated in intestinal function and may provide important insights into the pathobiology of disease.

������Capital of Culture - you must be having a laugh!��� Challenging the official rhetoric of Liverpool as the 2008 European cultural capital���

Major cultural events are increasingly seen by local stakeholders as important opportunities to stimulate urban regeneration, city branding and economic development. The European Capital of Culture programme is a prominent example. Since 1985 over thirty cities have hosted the title and today it remains a highly sought-after prize. This paper analyses competing interpretations of the success of Liverpool's hosting of the European Capital of Culture in 2008. It unpacks contrasting views of Liverpool08, from the official triumphant message of urban regeneration and economic renaissance to more critical analyses that problematise important elements of the event and its social and spatial impacts. In so doing, it challenges the hyperbole of culture-led transformation to reveal different geographies of culture, different cultural experiences and different socio-economic realities; it also offers an additional cultural reading of Liverpool in 2008. Through the example of Liverpool this paper shows how local culture is politicised, manipulated and sanitised in order to stimulate urban regeneration and construct a spatial re-branding of the city.<br/><br/>De grands ��v��nements culturels sont de plus en plus per��us par les rentiers locaux comme des opportunit��s importantes pour stimuler la r��g��n��ration urbaine, produire la devise des villes et le d��veloppement ��conomique. L'initiative La Capitale Europ��enne de la Culture est un exemple pro��minent. Depuis 1985, plus de trente villes ont accueilli le titre et maintenant il reste un prix largement recherch��. Cet article analyse des interpr��tations en concurrence du succ��s de l'accueil de Liverpool de la Capitale Europ��enne de la Culture en 2008. Il d��balle des vues contrast��es de Liverpool08, du message officiel et triomphal de la r��g��n��ration urbaine et de la renaissance ��conomique �� des analyses plus critiques qui probl��matisent des ��l��ments importants de l'��v��nement et ses impacts sociaux et spatiaux. De cette fa��on, il conteste l'hyperbole de la transformation men��e par la culture pour r��v��ler des g��ographies diff��rentes de la culture, des exp��riences diff��rentes de la culture et des r��alit��s socio��conomiques diff��rentes; il offre aussi une interpr��tation culturelle diff��rente de Liverpool en 2008. Au travers de l'exemple de Liverpool cet article montre comment la culture locale est politis��e, manipul��e et aseptis��e pour stimuler la r��g��n��ration urbaine et construire un relookage spatial de la ville.<br/><br/>Cada vez m��s, los inversores locales vean a los eventos culturales como oportunidades importantes para estimular regeneraci��n urbana, el desarollo econ��mico y la branding a una ciudad. El Capital Europeo de Cultura es un ejemplo prominente. Desde 1985, m��s que treinta ciudades han presentado el t��tulo y hoy sigue siendo un premio deseable. Este papel se analiza interpretaciones competitivos del ��xito del Capital Europea de Cultura 2008 en Liverpool. Se deshace las perspectivas opuestas del Liverpool08, del mensaje triunfante de regeneraci��n urbana y renacimiento econ��mico, a analices cr��ticos que problematizan elementos importantes del evento y sus impactos sociales y espaciales. Al hacer esto, se cuestiona el hip��rbole de la transformaci��n cultural para revelar geograf��as diferentes de cultura, experiencias culturales diferentes y realidades diferentes socio-econ��micas; tambi��n ofrece un entendimiento cultural adicional de Liverpool en el 2008. Atrav��s el ejemplo de Liverpool, este papel demuestra como la cultura local est�� politizada, manipulada, y desinfectado para estimular regeneraci��n urbana y construir una nueva branding de la ciudad.