Convergence acceleration of the doubly periodic Green's function for the analysis of thin wire arrays

A method is proposed to accelerate the evaluation of the Green's function of an infinite double periodic array of thin wire antennas. The method is based on the expansion of the Green's function into series corresponding to the propagating and evanescent waves and the use of Poisson and Kummer transformations enhanced with the analytic summation of the slowly convergent asymptotic terms. Unlike existing techniques the procedure reported here provides uniform convergence regardless of the geometrical parameters of the problem or plane wave excitation wavelength. In addition, it is numerically stable and does not require numerical integration or internal tuning parameters, since all necessary series are directly calculated in terms of analytical functions. This means that for nonlinear problem scenarios that the algorithm can be deployed without run time intervention or recursive adjustment within a harmonic balance engine. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the developed approach as compared with the Ewald method for which these classes of problems requires run time splitting parameter adaptation.

The Y-procedure: How to extract the chemical transformation rate from reaction-diffusion data with no assumption on the kinetic model

The paper presents a new method to extract the chemical transformation rate from reaction–diffusion data with no assumption on the kinetic model (“kinetic model-free procedure”). It is a new non-steady-state kinetic characterization procedure for heterogeneous catalysts. The mathematical foundation of the Y-procedure is a Laplace-domain analysis of the two inert zones in a TZTR followed by transposition to the Fourier domain. When combined with time discretization and filtering the Y-procedure leads to an efficient practical method for reconstructing the concentration and reaction rate in the active zone. Using the Y-procedure the concentration and reaction rate of a non-steady state catalytic process can be determined without any pre-assumption regarding the type of kinetic dependence. The Y-procedure is the basis for advanced software for non-steady state kinetic data interpretation. The Y-procedure can be used to relate changes in the catalytic reaction rate and kinetic parameters to changes in the surface composition (storage) of a catalyst.

Is there a role for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of mood and behaviour? A review of the evidence to date from epidemiological studies, clinical studies and intervention trials

Selected biochemical evidence suggests a potential role for n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3PUFA) in the regulation of mood and behaviour. The present paper reviews the relevant evidence, to date, from epidemiological studies, clinical studies and intervention trials. Most evidence is available investigating a role for n-3PUFA in depression, depressive illness and suicidal behaviour, but work is also available on anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, fatigue and fatigue-related disorders, aggression, hostility and anti-social behaviour, inattention, impulsivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenic disorders. For all these aspects of mood and behaviour, the evidence available is currently limited and highly inconsistent, both in terms of study methodology and study findings. There is a clear need for further work in this area.

Does additional support by nurses enhance the effect of a brief smoking cessation intervention in people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A randomised controlled trial

Background: Smoking cessation is the primary disease modifying intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aminolevulinic acid-loaded Witepsol microparticles manufactured using a spray congealing procedure: implications for topical photodynamic therapy

Objectives The aim was to enhance aminolevulinic acid (ALA) stability by incorporation into low-melting microparticles prepared using a spray congealing procedure and to evaluate temperature-triggered release, allowing topical bioavailability following melting at skin temperature.

Comparison of a novel spray congealing procedure with emulsion-based methods for the micro-encapsulation of water-soluble drugs in low melting point triglycerides

The particle size characteristics and encapsulation efficiency of microparticles prepared using triglyceride materials and loaded with two model water-soluble drugs were evaluated. Two emulsification procedures based on o/w and w/o/w methodologies were compared to a novel spray congealing procedure. After extensive modification of both emulsification methods, encapsulation efficiencies of 13.04% tetracycline HCl and 11.27% lidocaine HCl were achievable in a Witepsol (R)-based microparticle. This compares to much improved encapsulation efficiencies close to 100% for the spray congealing method, which was shown to produce spherical particles of similar to 58 mu m. Drug release studies from a Witepsol (R) formulation loaded with lidocaine HCl showed a temperature-dependent release mechanism, which displayed diffusion-controlled kinetics at temperatures similar to 25 degrees C, but exhibited almost immediate release when triggered using temperatures close to that of skin. Therefore, such a system may find application in topical semi-solid formulations, where a temperature-induced burst release is preferred.