A Brief Review to Integrated Energy System and Energy Internet 综合能源系统与能源互联网简述

Integrated energy system and Energy Internet are two hot topics in the field of energy. In this paper, these two concepts and their focuses are summarized and analyzed. Typical research in the areas of integrated energy system and Energy Internet is reviewed. The research concerns and technologies of these two concepts are then outlined respectively. The differences and similarities of these two concepts and their future development are discussed.

Triggering employee voice under the European Information and Consultation Directive: A non-union case study

The transposition of the 2002/14/EC Directive, establishing a general framework for information and consultation (I&C), has proven contentious in largely voluntarist systems of employment regulation. Receiving particular criticism is the employee ‘opt-in’ mechanism as a means to access I&C rights. For non-union employees in particular, the ability and potential to negotiate rights for I&C is widely seen to be problematic. This article uniquely examines the opt-in mechanism in the context of non-unionism, considering how non-union employers respond to non-union employees invoking their legislative rights to I&C. Drawing upon a case study conducted over four years in a large non-union multinational, the evidence shows how the opt-in and negotiation process function to the advantage of the employer rather than the intended regulatory impact to advance employee rights