Working with the 'System' and 'Lifeworld': Using Action Research to Enhance Resilience and Attachment in a Children's Home

Residential child care workers in the UK are caught betwen competing imperatives on a grand scale. On the one hand, they are required to implement an increasing raft of policy. On the other, they must proactively engage with the young people under their care.

Interfacial Properties of LiTFSI and LiPF6-Based Electrolytes in Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Alkylcarbonates on Graphite Electrodes and Celgard Separator

For a better understanding of the adsorption behavior of alkylcarbonate-based electrolytes on graphite electrodes and Celgard separator for Li-ion batteries applications, the interface parameters are determined by contact angle and surface tension measurements. The correlation between these parameters and chemical compositions made of alkyl carbonate with a varying nature of lithium salts (LiPF6 and LiTFSI) and volume fractions of binary and ternary mixtures containing propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is investigated. From the obtained contact angle and surface tension (?L) values for each liquid, the dispersive and polar components of the surface tension (?Ld and ?Lp) of the electrolyte and interfacial free energy between the solid and liquid (?SL) were then calculated using the Young’s equation. The variation of contact angle (?) and the surface tension, as well as the work of adhesion (WA) of binary PC/DMC mixtures on PP, PE, and PET model surfaces were also measured and commented as function of volume fraction of PC in DMC. Finally, the Zisman’s critical surface tension (?C) for studied surfaces was then obtained showing positives slopes of cos ? versus ?L. This behavior is explained by a relative higher adsorption of alkylcarbonates to the hydrogenated supports or graphite. These results are decisive to understand the performance of electrolyte/electrode material/separator interfaces in lithium-ion battery devices.

Social Accounting Research as If The World Matters: An essay in postalgia and a new absurdism

This essay is intended as a self-reflective, auto-critique of the ‘social accounting community’. The essay is directed at the academic community of accountants concerned with social accounting. This `community' is predominantly concerned with English language accounting journals and is preoccupied with the social and environmental practices of the larger private sector organisations. The essay is motivated by a concern over our responsibilities as academics in a world in crisis and a concern that social accounting is losing its energy and revolutionary zeal. This community's social accounting endeavours have taken place in almost complete ignorance of the activities and developments in non accounting communities and, in particular, developments in the public and third sectors. The essay reaches out to the public and third sector work and literature as an illustration of one of the ways in which ‘our’ social accounting can try to prevent itself from becoming moribund.

Defining a Research Agenda in Value Driven Design: Questions That Need to be Asked

Value driven design is an innovative design process that utilizes the optimization of a system level value function to determine the best possible design. This contrasts with more traditional systems engineering techniques, which rely on satisfying requirements to determine the design solution. While ‘design for value’ is intuitively acceptable, the transformation of value driven design concepts into practical tools and methods for its application is challenging. This, coupled with the growing popularity of value-centric design philosophies, has led to a proposed research agenda in value driven design. This research agenda asks fundamental questions about the design philosophy and attempts to identify areas of significant challenge. The research agenda is meant to stimulate discussion in the field, as well as prompt research that will lead to the development of tools and methodologies that will facilitate the application of value driven design and further the state of the art.

Globalization, Plurilingualism and Young Learners in Mexico and Beyond

In the 21st century the teaching of English to young learners (TEYL) has become a truly global phenomenon. It is therefore important to deepen our understanding of the lived experience of TEYL in the very different settings where it is being taught. The 11 research-led accounts included in this volume are by TEYL teachers, teacher educators and other important stakeholders in a range of contexts around the world. The accounts span a variety of topics and issues in TEYL, each of personal importance to the authors themselves, and resonant with TEYL educators everywhere. The fresh practical and theoretical perspectives on different facets of TEYL that the chapters offer provide teachers and researchers with a set of stimulating ideas which can inform debate and pedagogical innovation in all areas of language teaching and educational research.

Visual function and dysfunction in early and late age-related maculopathy

Late age-related maculopathy (ARM) is responsible for the majority of blind registrations in the Western world among persons over 50 years of age. It has devastating effects on quality of life and independence and is becoming a major public health concern. Current treatment options are limited and most aim to slow progression rather than restore vision; therefore, early detection to identify those patients most suitable for these interventions is essential. In this work, we review the literature encompassing the investigation of visual function in ARM in order to highlight those visual function parameters which are affected very early in the disease process. We pay particular attention to measures of acuity, contrast sensitivity (CS), cone function, electrophysiology, visual adaptation, central visual field sensitivity and metamorphopsia. We also consider the impact of bilateral late ARM on visual function as well as the relationship between measures of vision function and self-reported visual functioning. Much interest has centred on the identification of functional changes which may predict progression to neovascular disease; therefore, we outline the longitudinal studies, which to date have reported dark-adaptation time, short-wavelength cone sensitivity, colour-match area effect, dark-adapted foveal sensitivity, foveal flicker sensitivity, slow recovery from glare and slower foveal electroretinogram implicit time as functional risk factors for the development of neovascular disease. Despite progress in this area, we emphasise the need for longitudinal studies designed in light of developments in disease classification and retinal imaging, which would ensure the correct classification of cases and controls, and provide increased understanding of the natural course and progression of the disease and further elucidate the structure-function relationships in this devastating disorder.

Progress in Fracture and Damage Mechanics

This special-topic volume reports on new progress made in the analysis and understanding of fracture and damage mechanics. The Finite Element Method is a well-established analytical tool for theoretical fracture analysis. The development of interface elements which combine aspects of both fracture and damage mechanics has permitted the prediction of both crack initiation and propagation. A number of the papers presented here deal with their use and further development.Substantial progress has also been made in the use of the Boundary Element Method for treating crack problems. The inherent mathematical complexity of this method has resulted in somewhat slower progress than that enjoyed by the Finite Element Method and is still the focus of much research. The volume also presents a number of contributions arising from this field. A topic which is closely related to the study of fracture is structural repair. Although repairs are usually effected after fracture occurs, the structural analyst must still ensure that the repair itself is not prone to cracking or other forms of damage. Two approaches to the study of damage in a repaired structure are described in this special volume. These three aspects, taken together, ensure that even the expert will learn something new from this book.

Integrating textual analysis and evidential reasoning for decision making in Engineering design

Decision making is an important element throughout the life-cycle of large-scale projects. Decisions are critical as they have a direct impact upon the success/outcome of a project and are affected by many factors including the certainty and precision of information. In this paper we present an evidential reasoning framework which applies Dempster-Shafer Theory and its variant Dezert-Smarandache Theory to aid decision makers in making decisions where the knowledge available may be imprecise, conflicting and uncertain. This conceptual framework is novel as natural language based information extraction techniques are utilized in the extraction and estimation of beliefs from diverse textual information sources, rather than assuming these estimations as already given. Furthermore we describe an algorithm to define a set of maximal consistent subsets before fusion occurs in the reasoning framework. This is important as inconsistencies between subsets may produce results which are incorrect/adverse in the decision making process. The proposed framework can be applied to problems involving material selection and a Use Case based in the Engineering domain is presented to illustrate the approach. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Update on Research Activities in the MaRINET Project

The MaRINET FP7 project aims to build a synergy in the European marine renewable energy development infrastructure network, involving a total of 28 partners across the union. Its scope extends from small to large scale testing, in both tank and field. The main activities of the project are to standardize test procedures, to provide centralized free access for European technology developers, and to innovate for improving test infrastructures and techniques.
Two years to the end of the project, this paper presents an update of the work being carried in this last part. It focuses on research objectives identified to be current challenges for industrial development. They are distributed in 6 topics. On the one hand are issues directly related to one of the 3 types of energy scoped in the project: wave, tidal, and offshore wind. On the other hand, collaborative effort is drawn on aspects that are common to those technologies: electrical components, environmental monitoring, and dedicated moorings.
Theory and validation of new test techniques are presented, for example in the case of non-intrusive wave measurements. This is done in coordination with extensive experimental analysis of the phenomena implying tests, such as nonlinearities in moorings.

The developmental character of cardiac autonomic responses to an acute noxious event in 4- and 8-month-old healthy infants

Heart rate (HR) has been widely studied as a measure of an individual's response to painful stimuli. It remains unclear whether changes in mean HR or the variability of HR are specifically related to the noxious stimulus (i.e. pain). Neither is it well understood how such changes reflect underlying neurologic control mechanisms that produce these responses, or how these mechanisms change during the first year of life. To study the changes in cardiac autonomic modulation that occur with acute pain and with age during early infancy, the relationship between respiratory activity and short-term variations of HR (i.e. respiratory sinus arrhythmia) was quantified in a longitudinal study of term born healthy infants who underwent a finger lance blood collection at 4 months of age (n = 24) and again at 8 months of age (n = 20). Quantitative respiratory activity and HR were obtained during baseline, lance, and recovery periods. Time and frequency domain analyses from 2.2-min epochs of data yielded mean values, spectral measures of low (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high (0.15-0.80 Hz) frequency power (LF and HF), and the LF/HF ratio. To determine sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac activity, the transfer relation between respiration and HR was used. At both 4 and 8 months, mean HR increased significantly with the noxious event (p > 0.01). There were age-related differences in the pattern of LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio changes. Although these parameters all decreased (p > 0.01) at 4 months, LF and LF/HF increased at 8 months and at 8 months HF remained stable in response to the noxious stimulus. Transfer gain changes with the lance demonstrated a change from predominant vagal baseline to a sympathetic condition at both ages. The primary finding of this study is that a response to an acute noxious stimulus appears to produce an increase in respiratory-related sympathetic HR control and a significant decrease in respiratory-related parasympathetic control at both 4 and 8 months. Furthermore, with increasing age, the sympathetic and parasympathetic changes appear to be less intense, but more sustained.