220 resultados para emotional injury
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether improvement in quality of semen over 4 consecutive days of electroejaculation in men with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) was consistent with epididymal necrospermia. DESIGN: Prospective study of a random sample of men with SCI. SETTING: A southeastern Australian SCI management center in collaboration with the specialist andrology service of a university-based department of obstetrics and gynecology in a tertiary referral hospital. PATIENT(S): Nine men with chronic spinal cord injury. INTERVENTION(S): Semen samples were obtained by using electroejaculation, and testicular biopsy samples were obtained by using fine-needle tissue aspiration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization criteria. Testicular biopsy and electron microscopy were done by using standard techniques. RESULT(S): During up to 4 days of consecutive-day electroejaculation, sperm motility and viability in semen obtained from men with chronic SCI increased by an average of 23% on days 2 and 3. The severity of the degenerative changes and the numbers of spermatozoa affected on day 1 became less marked by day 4. The changes were not present in late spermatids obtained from testicular biopsies. CONCLUSION(S): The asthenospermia of chronic SCI is similar to epididymal necrospermia and can be improved by consecutive-day electroejaculation.
Resumo:
The purpose of the present work was to investigate if a hierarchy of aetiology exists which would influence attitudes towards survivors of brain injury. An independent groups design utilised four independent variables; aetiology (measured at five levels: ‘Road Traffic Accident’ (RTA), ‘Alcohol’, ‘Drug Use’, ‘Aneurism’ and ‘Recreation’), blame (blame and no-blame), group (psychology students and members of the public) and gender to explore attitudes towards survivors of brain injury. The dependent variables were measured using the Prejudicial Evaluation Scale (PES) and Social Interaction Scale (SIS). Three hundred and twenty-five participants (173 students and 152 members of the public) were randomly allocated to one of ten possible conditions. Among individuals who contributed to receiving their injury greater prejudice was displayed towards those in the ‘Drugs’ condition followed by ‘Recreation’, ‘RTA’, ‘Alcohol’ and ‘Aneurism’. Findings suggest that a hierarchy of aetiology exists, which results in prejudicial attitudes, and is influenced by issues of blame. Key words: prejudice, blame, brain injury
Resumo:
This paper reports on the findings from a longitudinal survey of the drug use behaviours of young people who were attending Emotional and Behavioural Difficulty (EBD) units from the age of 11-16 years. It forms part of the Belfast Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of adolescent drug use. This paper presents a follow-up report to a cross-sectional paper that reported on drug use behaviours of a sample of young people attending EBD units when aged 12/13 years at school year 9 (McCrystal et al 2005a). In the present paper reported drug use and behaviours associated with increased risk of its use between the ages of 11-16 years were examined. The findings show that those attending EBD Units consistently reported higher levels of licit and illicit drug use throughout adolescence. Compared with young people in mainstream school, higher levels of behaviours associated with drug use including antisocial behaviour, disaffection with school, and poor communication with their parents/guardians were noted. These findings have implications for the development and timing of targeted prevention initiatives for young people attending EBD units at all stages of adolescent development.
Resumo:
Violent play during the course of a game or sport is not a new phenomenon; accompanying legal proceedings are. This article considers personal injury liability for injuries inflicted by a participant upon an opponent during a sporting pursuit. The jurisdictional focus is on England and Wales. The sporting emphasis of the article is on competitive, body contact games. The legal emphasis is on the tort of negligence. Analogous to the law of criminal assault, breach of "implied sporting consent" or the volenti of the claimant will be seen as central in application, as assessed through a number of objective criteria, including the skill level of the injuring party and whether that defendant was acting in "reckless disregard" of the claimant's safety. These criteria or evidential guidelines, which emerge from a careful doctrinal analysis of the relevant case law, are seen as crucial to the examination of the appropriate degree of care in negligence within the prevailing circumstances of sport. The article also searches for some theoretical coherency within the case law, premising it on Fletcher's idea of reciprocal risk-taking. In addition, the underlying policy-related issue of sport's social utility is discussed, as are practical matters relating to vicarious liability, insurance and the measure of damages for "lost sporting opportunity". Moreover, it will be shown that personal injury claims relating to sports participant liability now extend to a consideration of the duties of coaches, referees, sports governing bodies and schools. Finally, this article is set against the backdrop of an apparently spiralling "compensation culture" and the concomitant threat that that "blame culture" poses for the future promotion, operation and administration of sport.
Resumo:
Objectives: Cilostazol improves walking distance in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. The study objectives were to assess the effects of cilostazol on walking distance, followed by the additional assessment of cilostazol on exercise-induced ischaemiaereperfusion injury in such patients.
Methods: PAD patients were prospectively recruited to a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomised to receive either cilostazol 100 mg or placebo twice a day. The primary end-point was an improvement in walking distance. Secondary end-points included the assessment of oxygen-derived free-radical generation, antioxidant consumption and other markers of the in?ammatory cascade. Initial and absolute claudication distances (ICDs and ACDs, respectively) were measured on a treadmill. In?ammatory response was assessed before and 30 min post-exercise by measuring lipid hydroperoxide, ascorbate, atocopherol, b-carotene, P-selectin, intracellular and vascular cell-adhesion molecules (I-CAM and V-CAM), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), interleukin-6, interleukin-10, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), albuminecreatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary levels of p75TNF receptor. All tests were performed at baseline and 6 and 24 weeks.
Results: One hundred and six PAD patients (of whom 73 were males) were recruited and successfully randomised from December 2004 to January 2006. Patients who received cilostazol demonstrated a more signi?cant improvement in the mean percentage change from baseline in ACD (77.2% vs. 26.6% at 6 weeks, pZ0.026 and 161.7% vs. 79.0% at 24 weeks, pZ0.048) as compared to the placebo. Cilostazol reduced lipid hydroperoxide levels compared to a placebo-related increase before and after exercise (6 weeks: pre-exercise: 11.8% vs.
Resumo:
Research into the lives of children with acquired brain injury (ABI) often neglects to incorporate children as participants, preferring to obtain the opinions of the adult carer (e.g. McKinlay et al., 2002). There has been a concerted attempt to move away from this position by those working in children’s research with current etiquette highlighting the inclusion of children and the use of a child-friendly methodology (Chappell, 2000). Children with disabilities can represent a challenge to the qualitative researcher due to the combination of maintaining the child’s attention and the demands placed on them by their disability. The focus of this article is to discuss possible impediments to interviewing children with acquired brain injury (ABI) and provide an insight into how the qualitative researcher may address these.
Resumo:
By enabling a comparison between what is and what might have been, counterfactual thoughts amplify our emotional responses to bad outcomes. Well-known demonstrations such as the action effect (the tendency to attribute most regret to a character whose actions brought about a bad outcome) and the temporal order effect (the tendency to undo the last in a series of events leading up to a bad outcome) are often explained in this way. An important difference between these effects is that outcomes are due to decisions in the action effect, whereas in the temporal order effect outcomes are achieved by chance. In Experiment 1, we showed that imposing time pressure leads to a significant reduction in the action but not in the temporal order effect. In Experiment 2, we found that asking participants to evaluate the protagonists (