������Capital of Culture - you must be having a laugh!��� Challenging the official rhetoric of Liverpool as the 2008 European cultural capital���

Major cultural events are increasingly seen by local stakeholders as important opportunities to stimulate urban regeneration, city branding and economic development. The European Capital of Culture programme is a prominent example. Since 1985 over thirty cities have hosted the title and today it remains a highly sought-after prize. This paper analyses competing interpretations of the success of Liverpool's hosting of the European Capital of Culture in 2008. It unpacks contrasting views of Liverpool08, from the official triumphant message of urban regeneration and economic renaissance to more critical analyses that problematise important elements of the event and its social and spatial impacts. In so doing, it challenges the hyperbole of culture-led transformation to reveal different geographies of culture, different cultural experiences and different socio-economic realities; it also offers an additional cultural reading of Liverpool in 2008. Through the example of Liverpool this paper shows how local culture is politicised, manipulated and sanitised in order to stimulate urban regeneration and construct a spatial re-branding of the city.<br/><br/>De grands ��v��nements culturels sont de plus en plus per��us par les rentiers locaux comme des opportunit��s importantes pour stimuler la r��g��n��ration urbaine, produire la devise des villes et le d��veloppement ��conomique. L'initiative La Capitale Europ��enne de la Culture est un exemple pro��minent. Depuis 1985, plus de trente villes ont accueilli le titre et maintenant il reste un prix largement recherch��. Cet article analyse des interpr��tations en concurrence du succ��s de l'accueil de Liverpool de la Capitale Europ��enne de la Culture en 2008. Il d��balle des vues contrast��es de Liverpool08, du message officiel et triomphal de la r��g��n��ration urbaine et de la renaissance ��conomique �� des analyses plus critiques qui probl��matisent des ��l��ments importants de l'��v��nement et ses impacts sociaux et spatiaux. De cette fa��on, il conteste l'hyperbole de la transformation men��e par la culture pour r��v��ler des g��ographies diff��rentes de la culture, des exp��riences diff��rentes de la culture et des r��alit��s socio��conomiques diff��rentes; il offre aussi une interpr��tation culturelle diff��rente de Liverpool en 2008. Au travers de l'exemple de Liverpool cet article montre comment la culture locale est politis��e, manipul��e et aseptis��e pour stimuler la r��g��n��ration urbaine et construire un relookage spatial de la ville.<br/><br/>Cada vez m��s, los inversores locales vean a los eventos culturales como oportunidades importantes para estimular regeneraci��n urbana, el desarollo econ��mico y la branding a una ciudad. El Capital Europeo de Cultura es un ejemplo prominente. Desde 1985, m��s que treinta ciudades han presentado el t��tulo y hoy sigue siendo un premio deseable. Este papel se analiza interpretaciones competitivos del ��xito del Capital Europea de Cultura 2008 en Liverpool. Se deshace las perspectivas opuestas del Liverpool08, del mensaje triunfante de regeneraci��n urbana y renacimiento econ��mico, a analices cr��ticos que problematizan elementos importantes del evento y sus impactos sociales y espaciales. Al hacer esto, se cuestiona el hip��rbole de la transformaci��n cultural para revelar geograf��as diferentes de cultura, experiencias culturales diferentes y realidades diferentes socio-econ��micas; tambi��n ofrece un entendimiento cultural adicional de Liverpool en el 2008. Atrav��s el ejemplo de Liverpool, este papel demuestra como la cultura local est�� politizada, manipulada, y desinfectado para estimular regeneraci��n urbana y construir una nueva branding de la ciudad.

Family support, social capital, resilience and adolescent coping

All too often young people are excluded in practice from the general policy and professional consensus that partnership and participation should underpin work with children, young people and their families. If working with troubled and troublesome young people is to be based on family support, it will require not only the clear statement of that policy but also demonstration that it can be applied in practice. Achieving that involves setting out a plausible theory of change that can be rigorously evaluated. This paper suggests a conceptual model that draws on social support theory to harness the ideas of social capital and resilience in a way that can link formal family support interventions to adolescent coping. Research with young people attending three community-based projects for marginalized youth is used to illustrate how validated tools can be used to measure and document the detail of support, resilience, social capital and coping in young people's lives. It is also suggested that there is sufficient fit between the findings emerging from the study and the model to justify the model being more rigorously tested.

Charabanc, cultural capital and the men of recognised credit

This paper compares the cultural legacy of the all-female Charabanc with that of Field Day, its fellow counterpart in the Irish Theatre touring movement in the 1980s. It suggests that a conscious awareness amongst the all-male Field Day board of successful writers and directors of what Bourdieu has called 'cultural capital' is implicated in the enduring authority of the work of that company within the history of Irish theatre. Conversely the paper considers if the populist Charabanc, in its steadfast refusal to engage with the hierarchies of academia and publishing, was too neglectful of the cultural capital which it accrued in its heyday and has thus been party to its own occlusion from that same history.

The early-stage risk capital market in Scotland since 2000: issues of scale, characteristics and market efficiency

In this paper we provide a detailed profile and analysis of the regional risk capital market in Scotland, using an innovative methodology and specially developed databases which cover risk capital investment in young companies in the periods 2000���04 and 2005���07. This identifies the investment activity of all actors in the market and provides estimates of the total flow of risk capital investment into early-stage Scottish companies over the period. The paper concludes by drawing out the implications for policy makers (providing a more robust evidence base for the development, implementation and monitoring of policy) and for academic researchers (on the methodologies for estimating market scale and efficiency).

Knowledge as Power, Knowledge as Capital: A Political Economy Critique of Modern 'Academic Capitalism'

We are constantly reminded that we live in a 'knowledge society, and indeed that with a 'knowledge economy' a nation's international competiveness is directly linked to its ability to innovate, out-compete and successfully commercialise knowledge. INcreasingly, research within universities is being directed, incetivized and ultimately disciplined towards clear 'economic' priorities. This article offers a critical analysis - employing a broad political economy approach - of the ways in which research within universities and other places of higher learning has become increasingly orientated towards a narrow set of economic goals.

Cultured responses: the production of social capital in faith based organisations

The theoretical concept of ���social capital��� has been increasingly invoked in connection to religion by academics, policy makers, charities and Faith Based Organisations (FBOs). Drawing on the popularisation of the term by Robert Putnam, many in these groups have hailed the religious as one of the most productive generators of social capital in today���s societies. In this article, we examine this claim through ethnographic material relating to Faithworks, a national ���movement��� of Christians who provide welfare services within their communities. We claim that to apply the term ���social capital��� in a meaningful sociological manner to FBOs requires a return to Pierre Bourdieu���s use of the term in order to refuse to extricate it from the practices in which it is enmeshed.