163 resultados para Houston family.


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Building on Habermas’s conceptualisation of modes of reasoning, the authors proposed that an application of critical theory to the present bureaucratised nature of communication between state representatives and welfare recipients (Howe 1992) might open up ways in which social workers could reconceptualise their practice. In a subsequent edition of this journal, three of the present authors introduced the radical theatre of Augusto Boal as a methodology which might provide an expressive route for social workers seeking to build a practice combining the intellectual analysis of critical theory with new ways of working (Spratt et al. 2000). Boal’s method recognises the oppressed status of groups who come to the attention of agents of the state and, through the use of a range of theatrical techniques, introduces strategies to facilitate the conscious recognition of such collective oppressions and develop dialogical ways to address them. In the last paper, the authors presented one such technique, ‘image theatre’, and demonstrated its use with social workers in consciousness raising and developing strategies for collective action.

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This article draws on the author's experience of living and working in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Connections between the traumatic events of September 11 and the situation in the north of Ireland of ongoing civil conflict and violence are developed and aspects of therapeutic practice are described. Coping with the effects of trauma presents systemic therapists with multiple and complex challenges in whatever sociopolitical context they practice. A therapist stance that combines flexibility and openness of attitude with the creative use of therapeutic practices, including those from other modalities, will assist systemic therapists in rising to these challenges.

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Stock enhancement experiments of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) have been carried out around the Kvitsoy Islands in south-western Norway since 1990. In addition to releases of coded wire tagged lobster juveniles (cultured) and subsequent monitoring of commercial fishery, a lobster hatchery was established in 1997. Several experiments were made on the communal-rearing approach where the performance of mixed larval groups (families) was evaluated under identical conditions. Berried females of wild and cultured origin and their respective fertilised eggs were screened by using microsatellite DNA profiling involving a multiplex set of six lobster specific primers, thereby allowing determination of both parental genotypes. Each female were kept separately during hatching, and the offspring were later mixed and raised in a communal rearing system. The early-larval survival was estimated at stage IV (bottom stage), and the survivors were identified to family and group by microsatellite profiling. Five different communal experiments were conducted, representing offspring from 65 berried females. Of the surviving larvae, 6.3% could not be assigned to family due to degraded DNA and no PCR amplification. Significant differences in early survival between offspring of wild and cultured origin were found in the experiments. No differences between the groups were found in stage IV larval size. Based on the pooled data on survival (as a measure of early larvae fitness) offspring of cultured females displayed a relative fitness of 60% in comparison to offspring from wild females. Large variation in survival was also observed among families within the wild and cultured groups, suggesting a genetic component for these traits and a potential for selective breeding.

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Vascular insufficiency and retinal ischaemia precede many proliferative retinopathies and stimulate secretion of vasoactive growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role and we therefore investigated the other members of the VEGF family: Placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B, -C, and -D, and platelet derived growth factors (PDGF) A and B. Neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 5 days and then returned to room air (resulting in acute retinal ischaemia). RT-PCR demonstrated that all the members of the VEGF family are expressed in the retina and in situ hybridization (ISH) located their mRNAs primarily in ganglion cells. Similarly to VEGF itself, VEGF-C, PDGF-A, and PDGF-B were upregulated during retinal ischaemia (P < 0.05). Only PlGF gene expression increased during hyperoxia (P < 0.01). The expression pattern of these growth factors suggests a role in the normal retina and during vaso-obliterative and ischaemic phases.