The stability of alcohol consumption between age 16 and 26: Evidence from a National Birth Cohort Study

This study examined the association between moderate drinking at age 16 (adolescence) and alcohol consumption at age 26 (young adulthood), whilst controlling for possible confounding effects at the individual and family level (assessed at birth and age 10). Using the British Cohort Study (BCS70), 6515 respondents provided data on their adolescent alcohol consumption and other behaviours. Of these, 4392 also completed the survey at age 26. Consumption patterns established in adolescence persisted, to a large degree, into early adulthood. Those adolescents who drank moderately in adolescence drank significantly less in adulthood than those adolescents who drank to heavy or hazardous levels. Implications for health promotion strategies and guidance are discussed.

Electron-impact excitation of Xe 26+ and its resultant spectral signature

We have carried out a 129 close-coupling level Dirac-Coulomb R-matrix calculation for the electron-impact excitation of Ni-like Xe. We have utilized this data to generate the spectral signature of Xe26+ in terms of feature photon-emissivity coefficients (F-PεCs). We have compared these F-PεCs with those generated using semi-relativistic plane-wave Born excitation data, which forms the heavy species baseline for the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS), We find that the Born-based F-PεCs give a reasonable qualitative description of the spectral signature but that, quantitatively, the R-matrix-based F-PεCs differ by up to a factor of 2. The spectral signature of heavy species is key to diagnosing hot plasmas such as will be found in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.