Longitudinal relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland

Although relations between political violence and child adjustment are well documented, longitudinal research is needed to adequately address the many questions remaining about the contexts and developmental trajectories underlying the effects on children in areas of political violence. The study examined the relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and adolescent adjustment problems over 4 consecutive years. Participants included 999 mother-child dyads (482 boys, 517 girls), M ages = 12.18 (SD = 1.82), 13.24 (SD = 1.83), 13.61 (SD = 1.99), and 14.66 (SD = 1.96) years, respectively, living in socially deprived neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, a context of historical and ongoing political violence. In examining trajectories of adjustment problems, including youth experience with both sectarian and nonsectarian antisocial behaviors, sectarian antisocial behavior significantly predicted more adjustment problems across the 4 years of the study. Experiencing sectarian antisocial behavior was related to increased adolescent adjustment problems, and this relationship was accentuated in neighborhoods characterized by higher crime rates. The discussion considers the implications for further validating the distinction between sectarian and nonsectarian violence, including consideration of neighborhood crime levels, from the child's perspective in a setting of political violence. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013.

Conceptualising elder abuse across local and global contexts: Implications for Policy and Professional Practice on the island of Ireland.

Social policy and professional practice across the island of Ireland is dominated by the WHO (2002) definition of elder abuse and national and professional interpretations of what constitutes elder abuse. Top down, generalist knowledge of the abuse of older people have facilitated paternalistic and protectionist policies and services designed to protect older vulnerable adults across the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI). However a qualitative study involving 58 older people in six focus groups held across Ireland highlights an alternative understanding of elder abuse grounded in the subjective experiences of older people across urban and rural communities on the island. Indigenous ways of knowing offer a broader and more inclusive understanding of the experience of elder abuse (Lafferty 2012; Dow and Joosten 2012) together with opportunities for the prevention of ageism and the empowering of older people across the jurisdictions.

No evidence for linkage or association of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) with disease in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families (ISHDSF)

The neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1) at chromosome 8p21-22 has been implicated as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene in Icelandic, Scottish, Irish and mixed UK populations. The shared ancestry between these populations led us to investigate the NRG1 polymorphisms and appropriate marker haplotypes for linkage and/or association to schizophrenia in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families (ISHDSF). Neither single-point nor multi-point linkage analysis of NRG1 markers gave evidence for linkage independent of our pre-existing findings telomeric on 8p. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the 252 kb interval encompassing the 7 marker core Icelandic/Scottish NRG1 haplotype revealed two separate regions of modest LD, comprising markers SNP8NRG255133, SNP8NRG249130 and SNP8NRG243177 (telomeric) and microsatellites 478B14-428, 420M9-1395, D8S1810 and 420M9-116I12 (centromeric). From single marker analysis by TRANSMIT and FBAT we found no evidence for association with schizophrenia for any marker. Haplotype analysis for the three SNPs in LD region 1 and, separately, the four microsatellites in LD region 2 (analyzed in overlapping 2-marker windows), showed no evidence for overtransmission of specific haplotypes to affected individuals. We therefore conclude that if NRG1 does contain susceptibility alleles for schizophrenia, they impact quite weakly on risk in the ISHDSF.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women attending cervical screening in the UK and Ireland:New data from northern Ireland and a systematic review and meta-analysis

There is substantial international variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence; this study details the first report from Northern Ireland and additionally provides a systematic review and meta-analysis pooling the prevalence of high-risk (HR-HPV) subtypes among women with normal cytology in the UK and Ireland. Between February and December 2009, routine liquid based cytology (LBC) samples were collected for HPV detection (Roche Cobas® 4800 [PCR]) among unselected women attending for cervical cytology testing. Four electronic databases, including MEDLINE, were then searched from their inception till April 2011. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate a pooled HR-HPV prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). 5,712 women, mean age 39 years (±SD 11.9 years; range 20-64 years), were included in the analysis, of which 5,068 (88.7%), 417 (7.3%) and 72 (1.3%) had normal, low, and high-grade cytological findings, respectively. Crude HR-HPV prevalence was 13.2% (95% CI, 12.7-13.7) among women with normal cytology and increased with cytological grade. In meta-analysis the pooled HR-HPV prevalence among those with normal cytology was 0.12 (95% CIs, 0.10-0.14; 21 studies) with the highest prevalence in younger women. HPV 16 and HPV 18 specific estimates were 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.05) and 0.01 (95% CI, 0.01-0.02), respectively. The findings of this Northern Ireland study and meta-analysis verify the prevalent nature of HPV infection among younger women. Reporting of the type-specific prevalence of HPV infection is relevant for evaluating the impact of future HPV immunization initiatives, particularly against HR-HPV types other than HPV 16 and 18. J. Med. Virol. 85:295-308, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ASIP: developments, challenges and trends

Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) becomes an attractive substitute for ASIC as transistor density, logic complexity and market competition boost. Similar to ASIC, ASIP is based on customized and tailored architectures. In this way, ASIP delivers high performances with low overheads on cost and power whilst taking the advantages of high flexibility and fast time-to-market as a processor-based solution. To demonstrate this effective solution for embedded applications, this paper performs an overall investigation on ASIP's developments, challenges, trends in terms of architectures and design methodologies.

Mature students – participation in maths support and progression

Maths support at the Learning Development Service takes the form of drop-in contact, one-to-one appointments and workshops. Analysis over three years from 2010/11 to 2012/13 shows that 45% of one-to-one appointments involved a mature student, defined at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB) as one who has had a break in full-time study (normally a minimum of two years). This is a very high proportion given that 4% of students at QUB are mature. Considering engineering undergraduates only, the fraction of one-to-one appointments involving mature students was also 45%. This study can report a wide variation in terms of progression of mature students in engineering and aims to consider how more traditional undergraduate learners could be persuaded to adopt the attitudes of mature students in partaking of maths support.