Stabilization of Ti-molecular sieve catalysts used in selective sulfoxidation reactions by ionic liquids

Sulfoxidation reactions of 4,6-dimethyl-2-methylthiopyrimidine have been performed using titanosilicate catalysts in ionic liquids, dioxane and ethanol. The ionic liquid reactions showed superior reactivity compared with molecular solvents. Moreover, on examination of the recycling of the catalyst, a significant increase in the stability of catalyst was found both in terms of recycling activity and leaching of the titanium from the catalyst. The mechanism by which the ionic liquid reduces the solubilisation of the catalysts is explored.

Theory of laser-driven double-ionization of atoms at Ti : sapphire laser wavelengths

Progress in the theoretical understanding of non-sequential double-ionization of atoms is reviewed from its beginnings with Kuchiev's work in the late 1980s and Corkum's work in the early 1990s to the present day. The crucial role of laboratory experiment as a persistent stimulus to theoretical endeavour is underlined but the predictive roles of simple, yet fundamental, theory and also of a full quantum mechanical description are not forgotten. A theoretical forward look is provided.