Combined antenna and localized plasmon resonance in Raman scattering from Random arrays of silver-coated, vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The electric field enhancement associated with detailed structure within novel optical antenna nanostructures is modeled using the surface integral equation technique in the context of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The antennae comprise random arrays of vertically aligned, multi-walled carbon nanotubes dressed with highly granular Ag. Different types of "hot-spot" underpinning the SERS are identified, but contrasting characteristics are revealed. Those at the outer edges of the Ag grains are antenna driven with field enhancement amplified in antenna antinodes while intergrain hotspots are largely independent of antenna activity. Hot-spots between the tops of antennae leaning towards each other also appear to benefit from antenna amplification.

MeV negative ion generation from ultra-intense laser interaction with a water spray

MeV negative oxygen ions are obtained from a water spray target irradiated by high intensity (5 x 10(19) W/cm(2)) and ultrashort (50 fs) laser pulses. Generation of negative ions is ascribed to electron-capture processes that the laser-accelerated high-energy positive ion experiences when it interacts with atoms in the spray. This mechanism implies the existence of a large number of MeV neutral oxygen atoms, which is consistent with indirect experimental evidence. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3622664]

Fast ion acceleration from thin foils irradiated by ultra-high intensity, ultra-high contrast laser pulses

Ion acceleration resulting from the interaction of ultra-high intensity (2 x 10(20) W/cm(2)) and ultra-high contrast (similar to 10(10)) laser pulses with 0.05-10 mu m thick Al foils at normal (0 degrees) and 35 degrees laser incidence is investigated. When decreasing the target thickness from 10 mu m down to 0.05 mu m, the accelerated ions become less divergent and the ion flux increases, particularly at normal (0 degrees) laser incidence on the target. A laser energy conversion into protons of,similar to 6.5% is estimated at 35 degrees laser incidence. Experimental results are in reasonable agreement with theoretical estimates and can be a benchmark for further theoretical and computational work. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3643133]

Ultra-fast spin dynamics in the 2s2p^2 configuration of C^+ studied by time-dependent R-matrix theory

We employ time-dependent R-matrix theory to study ultra-fast dynamics in the doublet 2s2p(2) configuration of C+ for a total magnetic quantum number M = 1. In contrast to the dynamics observed for M = 0, ultra-fast dynamics for M = 1 is governed by spin dynamics in which the 2s electron acts as a flag rather than a spectator electron. Under the assumption that m(S) = 1/2, m(2s) = 1/2 allows spin dynamics involving the two 2p electrons, whereas m(2s) = -1/2 prevents spin dynamics of the two 2p electrons. For a pump-probe pulse scheme with (h) over bar omega(pump) = 10.9 eV and (h) over bar omega(probe) = 16.3 eV and both pulses six cycles long, little sign of spin dynamics is observed in the total ionization probability. Signs of spin dynamics can be observed, however, in the ejected-electron momentum distributions. We demonstrate that the ejected-electron momentum distributions can be used for unaligned targets to separate the contributions of initial M = 0 and M = 1 levels. This would, in principle, allow unaligned target ions to be used to obtain information on the different dynamics in the 2s2p(2) configuration for the M = 0 and M = 1 levels from a single experime

Frequency selective surface using nested split ring slot elements as a lens with mechanically reconfigurable beam steering capability

The design is described of a double layer frequency selective surface which can produce a differential phase shift of 180 ° as the wave propagates through it at normal incidence. The hand of an applied circularly polarized signal is reversed due to the 180° phase shift, and it is demonstrated that the exit circularly polarized output signal can be phase advanced or phase retarded by 180 ° upon rotation of the elements comprising the structure. This feature allows the surface to act as a spatial phase shifter. In this paper the beam steering capabilities of a 10 × 10 array of such elements are demonstrated. Here the individual elements comprising the array are rotated relative to each other in order to generate a progressive phase shift. At normal incidence the 3 dB Axial Ratio Bandwidth for LHCP to RHCP conversion is 5.3% and the insertion loss was found to be -2.3 dB, with minimum axial ratio of 0.05 dB. This array is shown to be able to steer a beam from -40 ° to +40 ° while holding axial ratio at the pointing angle to below 4 dB. The measured radiation patterns match the theoretical calculation and full-wave simulation results. © 2010 IEEE.