Method for rapid extraction of pectic substances from plant materials

A method is described for the rapid extraction of pectic substances from alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) from material of plant origin, especially fruit. Samples of AIS can be prepared for galacturonic acid assay within 60 min using extraction with 0·5m HCl in a Fibertec-1 system (Tecator) for 30 min. The extraction conditions are carefully standardised and operator error is reduced by the elimination of transfer steps, particularly during filtration. The results obtained for plant-derived alcohol insoluble solids containing from 10% to 33% pectic substances were in close agreement with those obtained by enzymic hydrolysis using a commercially available enzyme preparation (Ultrazyme). The method will have application in the rapid, routine estimation of pectic substances in plant materials. © 1987.

Exogenous RNA interference exposes contrasting roles for sugar exudation in host-finding by plant pathogens

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) locate host plants by following concentration gradients of root exudate chemicals in the soil. We present a simple method for RNA interference (RNAi)-induced knockdown of genes in tomato seedling roots, facilitating the study of root exudate composition, and PPN responses. Knockdown of sugar transporter genes, STP1 and STP2, in tomato seedlings triggered corresponding reductions of glucose and fructose, but not xylose, in collected root exudate. This corresponded directly with reduced infectivity and stylet thrusting of the promiscuous PPN Meloidogyne incognita, however we observed no impact on the infectivity or stylet thrusting of the selective Solanaceae PPN Globodera pallida. This approach can underpin future efforts to understand the early stages of plant-pathogen interactions in tomato and potentially other crop plants.

Implementation of a cogeneration plant for a food processing facility. A case study

The present work presents an investigation regarding the feasibility analysis of a cogeneration plant for a food processing facility with the aim to decrease the cost of energy supply. The monthly electricity and heat consumption profiles are analyzed, in order to understand the consumption profiles, as well as the costs of the current furniture of electricity and gas. Then, a detailed thermodynamic model of the cogeneration cycle is implemented and the investment costs are linked to the thermodynamic variables by means of cost functions. The optimal electricity power of the co-generator is determined with reference to various investment indexes. The analysis highlights that the optimal dimension varies according to the chosen indicator, therefore it is not possible to establish it univocally, but it depends on the financial/economic strategy of the company through the considered investment index.