Nomenclature and syntaxonomic notes on some high-rank syntaxa of the European grassland vegetation

We present descriptions of a new order (Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranietalia reuteri and of a new alliance (Stachyo lusitanicae-Cheirolophion sempervirentis) for the herbaceous fringe communities of Macaronesia and of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, respectively. A new alliance, the Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromion erecti (mesophilous post-cultural grasslands), was introduced for the Peninsular Italy. We further validate and typify the Armerietalia rumelicae (perennial grasslands supported by nutrient-poor on siliceous bedrocks at altitudes characterized by the submediterranean climate of central-southern Balkan Peninsula), the Securigero-Dasypyrion villosae (lawn and fallow-land tall-grass annual vegetation of Italy), and the Cirsio vallis-demoni-Nardion (acidophilous grasslands on siliceous substrates of the Southern Italy). Nomenclatural issues (validity, legitimacy, synonymy, formal corrections) have been discussed and clarified for the following names: Brachypodio-Brometalia, Bromo pannonici-Festucion csikhegyensis, Corynephoro-Plantaginion radicatae, Heleochloion, Hieracio-Plantaginion radicatae, Nardetea strictae, Nardetalia strictae, Nardo-Callunetea, Nardo-Galion saxatilis, Oligo-Bromion, Paspalo-Heleochloetalia, Plantagini-Corynephorion and Scorzoneret alia villosae. 

Paisajes para el Medioambiente. Estudio de caso.

Una de las cuencas hidrográficas más importante de la Península es la del río Tajo, por su extensión y por su caudal. Se trata de una fosa tectónica calificable de modélica. Dos moles montañosas, el Sistema central y los Montes de Toledo en sentido amplio, la flanquean al Norte y al Sur. La dovela hundida, formada por idénticos materiales que las Sierras, granitos y gneis, alcanza una gran profundidad. Al Este el Sistema Ibérico castellano, principalmente calizo y mesozoico, cierra Castilla y la cuenca, viniendo a dar vida con el agua de sus nieves a un Tajo niño’. El inicio de su Historia Geológica podemos situarlo en el Paleozoico, tiempo geológico durante el cual los territorios donde hoy se sitúa la Meseta estaban formando grandes cordilleras producto de la Orogenia Herciniana. La última etapa de la formación de los relieves actuales de la cuenca la encontramos en la reactivación de los antiguos macizos arrasados. Se inicia con los materiales de la raña y sus equivalentes en el centro de la Cuenca o Fosa del Tajo, y se caracteriza por una progresiva individualización de los procesos, pasándose de las grandes superficies generalizadas en macizos y cuencas, Sierras y Fosa del Tajo, a las pequeñas llanuras en franja u orla, que quedan localizadas en cada cuenca fluvial a medida que éstas se van consolidando por jerarquización, y partir de un río generatriz o emisario principal, el Tajo. La tectónica, procesos posteriores de captura, reajustes climáticos..., no permiten aún determinar cuál fue el orden de jerarquía en los ríos que hoy conocemos; no obstante, puede aventurarse que Jarama-Henares, Perales-Alberche y Guadarrama serían los primeros y Manzanares, Guadalix, Tajuña, los siguientes, y así sucesivamente. La síntesis de la realidad geológica, litológica y climática va a coadyuvar, frenando o favoreciendo, el desarrollo y la diferenciación entre los paisajes vegetales de las zonas montañosas y los de las depresiones terciarias y penillanuras paleozoicas, en un territorio marcado por el predominio del clima mediterráneo continentalizado, con matices de montaña y áreas de influencia atlántica.

Pupil participation in school life: an approach from the educational community

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989) is currently the most ratified international treaty. Several authors have highlighted its potential for both a moral education and citizenship. However, paradoxically, different studies report its limited or occasional incorporation into school practices. This article explores experiences of participation in schools,the third P of the CRC, from the plurality of voices and actors of the educational community,by means of 14 discussion groups in 11 autonomous communities in Spain. Discourse analysis evidence low levels of student participation in school life. But, at the same time, a favorable educational environment for the development of projects that contribute to child participation is found, as well as for the incorporation of the CRC as a mover and a referential integrator of the different schools projects. However, it is also an educational background conductive to projects for its development, such as the incorporation of the CRC as a referential integrator of the schools projects.

Women artists of the international avant-garde: the case of "Abstraction-Création" (1931-1936)

Women’s contribution to abstract art in the interwar period is a subject that, to date, has received very little attention. In this article we deal with the untold story of the participation of women artists in Abstraction-Création, the foremost international group dedicated to abstract art in the 1930s. Founded in Paris in 1931, the group took on the work of two previous collectives to become a platform for the dissemination and promotion of abstract art and consisted of around a hundred members. Twelve of these were women, whose writings and works were published in the group’s annual magazine, abstraction creátion art non figuratif (1932-1936), and who participated in a number of the group’s exhibitions. Compared to what had occurred in previous groups, the participation of women, although reduced in number, was comparable to that of the male artists and being members of the group had a generally positive impact on the women’s careers. However, all this came at the expense of relinquishing any gender specificity in their work and the public presentation of it, and demonstrates that the normalization of women’s contributions to the avant-garde could only be brought about alongside a questioning of the more dogmatic views of modernity.