TTIP vs. BRICS: Consequences on Geopolitics and Internacional Relations of the XXIst. Century

The TTIP is a proposal on negotiations between the EU and the USA in order to create the largest free international trade area by extension, population and volume of trade of all existing ones. In our view, TTIP would be the geoeconomic answer to BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), as a comercial, geopolitical and cooperation space in other areas such as the military, in both that TTIP reproduce on a commercial scale the political and military alliance already existing between good part of the EU and USA by the NATO. In this paper we will try to explain why the possible rivalry between TTIP and BRICS would reproduce in the XXIst. Century the schemes of ���Cold War��� inherited from XXth. Century, that in turn reproduced the geopolitical confrontations arising from the theory of Haltford McKinder pivot area and the traditional opposition between thalassocratic imperialisms (government on the seas and oceans) and tellurocratic imperialisms (government on an enormous portion of emerged land). Likewise, we will try to show why, at a dialectic of States level, the most populated, territorially extensive and with greater amount of resources political societies will be those that have the greatest ability to impose a particular model of international relations and its geopolitical hegemony on a universal scale in response to this viable confrontation between TTIP, plus TTP, vs. BRICS.

El multilateralismo como intervencionismo. Estados Unidos y la Sociedad de Naciones en Am��rica Latina (1930-1946)

Este art��culo analiza una din��mica de intervenciones de Estados Unidos en Am��rica Latina que no ha atra��do suficientemente la atenci��n de los historiadores. En los a��os treinta y cuarenta, cuando Europa se hund��a en una nueva confrontaci��n b��lica, ciertos sectores del gobierno y del mundo empresarial norteamericano intentaron articular una nueva relaci��n con los países del continente basada en una propuesta de multilateralismo que se hab��a configurado dentro de la Sociedad de Naciones (SN). Estos estadounidenses intentaron establecer una din��mica de relaciones triangulares con los gobiernos latinoamericanos y los organismos t��cnicos de la SN. Gracias a ello, como se mostrar�� en este art��culo para el caso del funcionamiento del Comit�� Fiscal de la Sociedad de Naciones, los latinoamericanos fueron capaces de influir en el tipo de pol��ticas que deb��an emanar de esta relaci��n triangular. La importancia de esta historia no es menor. La relaci��n triangular entre Estados Unidos, Am��rica Latina y la SN sirvi�� de base para la reconstrucci��n de la gobernanza global liderada por los Estados Unidos tras la guerra.