The gift of the ungiven: Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of giveness facing Levinas’ “there is”

Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of giveness constitutes one of the most outstanding attempts to set up a universal theory of the phenomenologically given as a whole within the framework of contemporary philosophical thought. The aim of the present study is to apply the main categories of this phenomenological theory concerning gift to the singular type of phenomenon represented by the pure indeterminate and anonymous being to which Emmanuel Levinas refers by the name of il y a (“there is”) in his early writings (and also subsequently). Therefore, this concerns examining the multiple specific modes of giveness proper to the impersonal “there is” and also its paradoxical relationship both with the donor and with the receiver of such gift in order to show the possibility of a “third way” of phenomenological investigation. This is a way equally distant from the western traditional concept of Being as “stable presence” and from Levinas’ proposal geared to substitute ontology for ethics as “first philosophy”.

Formal Aspects in SDH for Children in Spanish Television: A Descriptive Study

The comprehension of a subtitle goes far beyond the understanding of the meaning of the words it comprises. Formal aspects of subtitles for the d/Deaf and the hard-of-hearing (SDH) can be crucial in the cognitive effort necessary to process the subtitle within its audiovisual context (Perego 2008). The present article studies common practices of formal aspects in SDH for children, focusing on three parameters: layout and positioning of the subtitle; orthotypographic conventions; and resources for the identification of characters in the three TV channels dedicated exclusively to the youngest audiences in Spain. The present piece of research was carried out by analysing and evaluating these three parameters in comparison with the current UNE Standard 153010 (AENOR 2012) and with previous theoretical studies in the field.