The implementation of an aeronautical CFD flow code onto distributed memory parallel systems

The parallelization of an industrially important in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for calculating the airflow over complex aircraft configurations using the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The code discussed is the flow solver module of the SAUNA CFD suite. This suite uses a novel grid system that may include block-structured hexahedral or pyramidal grids, unstructured tetrahedral grids or a hybrid combination of both. To assist in the rapid convergence to a solution, a number of convergence acceleration techniques are employed including implicit residual smoothing and a multigrid full approximation storage scheme (FAS). Key features of the parallelization approach are the use of domain decomposition and encapsulated message passing to enable the execution in parallel using a single programme multiple data (SPMD) paradigm. In the case where a hybrid grid is used, a unified grid partitioning scheme is employed to define the decomposition of the mesh. The parallel code has been tested using both structured and hybrid grids on a number of different distributed memory parallel systems and is now routinely used to perform industrial scale aeronautical simulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Turbulence modelling and its effects on electronic systems

This paper presents simulated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results for comparison against experimental data. The performance of four turbulence models has been assessed for electronic application areas considering both fluid flow and heat transfer phenomenon. CFD is vast becoming a powerful and almost essential tool for design, development and optimization in engineering problems. However turbulence models remain to be the key problem issue when tackling such flow phenomena. The reliability of CFD analysis depends heavily on the performance of the turbulence model employed together with the wall functions implemented. To be able to resolve the abrupt changes in the turbulent energy and other parameters near the wall a particularly fine mesh is necessary which unfortunately increases the computer storage capacity requirements. The objective of turbulence modelling is to enhance computational procdures of sufficient acccuracy and generality for engineers to anticipate the Reynolds stresses and the scalar transport terms.

Turbulence modelling for thermal management of electronic systems

The electronics industry is developing rapidly together with the increasingly complex problem of microelectronic equipment cooling. It has now become necessary for thermal design engineers to consider the problem of equipment cooling at some level. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for such investigations is fast becoming a powerful and almost essential tool for the design, development and optimisation of engineering applications. However turbulence models remain a key issue when tackling such flow phenomena. The reliability of CFD analysis depends heavily on the turbulence model employed together with the wall functions implemented. In order to resolve the abrupt fluctuations experienced by the turbulent energy and other parameters located at near wall regions and shear layers a particularly fine computational mesh is necessary which inevitably increases the computer storage and run-time requirements. This paper will discuss results from an investigation into the accuract of currently used turbulence models. Also a newly formulated transitional hybrid turbulence model will be introduced with comparisonsaagainst experimental data.