Neutron quasi-elastic scattering in disordered solids: a Monte Carlo study of metal-hydrogen systems

The dynamic structure factor of neutron quasi-elastic scattering has been calculated by Monte Carlo methods for atoms diffusing on a disordered lattice. The disorder includes not only variation in the distances between neighbouring atomic sites but also variation in the hopping rate associated with each site. The presence of the disorder, particularly the hopping rate disorder, causes changes in the time-dependent intermediate scattering function which translate into a significant increase in the intensity in the wings of the quasi-elastic spectrum as compared with the Lorentzian form. The effect is particularly marked at high values of the momentum transfer and at site occupancies of the order of unity. The MC calculations demonstrate how the degree of disorder may be derived from experimental measurements of the quasi-elastic scattering. The model structure factors are compared with the experimental quasi-elastic spectrum of an amorphous metal-hydrogen alloy.

Maintenance of a case-base for the retrieval of rotationally symmetric shapes for the design of metal castings

In this paper, we discuss the problem of maintenance of a CBR system for retrieval of rotationally symmetric shapes. The special feature of this system is that similarity is derived primarily from graph matching algorithms. The special problem of such a system is that it does not operate on search indices that may be derived from single cases and then used for visualisation and principle component analyses. Rather, the system is built on a similarity metric defined directly over pairs of cases. The problems of efficiency, consistency, redundancy, completeness and correctness are discussed for such a system. Performance measures for the CBR system are given, and the results for trials of the system are presented. The competence of the current case-base is discussed, with reference to a representation of cases as points in an n-dimensional feature space, and a Gramian visualisation. A refinement of the case base is performed as a result of the competence analysis and the performance of the case-base before and after refinement is compared.

Computational modelling of metal extrusion and forging processes

The computational modelling of extrusion and forging processes is now well established. There are two main approaches: Lagrangian and Eulerian. The first has considerable complexities associated with remeshing, especially when the code is parallelised. The second approach means that the mould has to be assumed to be entirely rigid and this may not be the case. In this paper, a novel approach is described which utilises finite volume methods on unstructured meshes. This approach involves the solution of free surface non-Newtonian fluid flow equations in an Eulerian context to track the behaviour of the workpiece and its extrusion/forging, and the solution of the solid mechanics equations in the Lagrangian context to predict the deformation/stress behaviour of the die. Test cases for modelling extrusion and forging problems using this approach will be presented.

The development and validation of computational MHD techniques for the modelling of metal production processes

Magnetic fields are used in a number of processes related to the extraction of metals, production of alloys and the shaping of metal components. Computational techniques have an increasingly important role to play in the simulation of such processes, since it is often difficult or very costly to conduct experiments in the high temperature conditions encountered and the complex interaction of fluid flow, heat transfer and magnetic fields means simple analytic models are often far removed from reality. In this paper an overview of the computational activity at the University of Greenwich is given in this area, covering the past ten years. The overview is given from the point of view of the modeller and within the space limitations imposed by the format it covers the numerical methods used, attempts at validation against experiments or analytic procedures; it highlights successes, but also some failures. A broad range of models is covered in the review (and accompanying lecture), used to simulate (a) A-C field applications: induction melting, magnetic confinement and levitation, casting and (b) D-C field applications such as: arc welding and aluminium electroloysis. Most of these processes involve phase change of the metal (melting or solidification), the presence of a dynamic free surface and turbulent flow. These issues affect accuracy and need to be address by the modeller.

Case-based retrieval of 3-dimensional shapes for the design of metal castings

This paper describes research into retrieval based on 3-dimensional shapes for use in the metal casting industry. The purpose of the system is to advise a casting engineer on the design aspects of a new casting by reference to similar castings which have been prototyped and tested in the past. The key aspects of the system are the orientation of the shape within the mould, the positions of feeders and chills, and particular advice concerning special problems and solutions, and possible redesign. The main focus of this research is the effectiveness of similarity measures based on 3-dimensional shapes. The approach adopted here is to construct similarity measures based on a graphical representation deriving from a shape decomposition used extensively by experienced casting design engineers. The paper explains the graphical representation and discusses similarity measures based on it. Performance measures for the CBR system are given, and the results for trials of the system are presented. The competence of the current case-base is discussed, with reference to a representation of cases as points in an n-dimensional feature space, and its principal components visualization. A refinement of the case base is performed as a result of the competence analysis and the performance of the case-base before and after refinement is compared.