A semi-Lagrangian finite volume method for Newtonian contraction flows

A new finite volume method for solving the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations is presented. The main features of this method are the location of the velocity components and pressure on different staggered grids and a semi-Lagrangian method for the treatment of convection. An interpolation procedure based on area-weighting is used for the convection part of the computation. The method is applied to flow through a constricted channel, and results are obtained for Reynolds numbers, based on half the flow rate, up to 1000. The behavior of the vortex in the salient corner is investigated qualitatively and quantitatively, and excellent agreement is found with the numerical results of Dennis and Smith [Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 372 (1980), pp. 393-414] and the asymptotic theory of Smith [J. Fluid Mech., 90 (1979), pp. 725-754].

Predicting the relationship between reliability and geometric parameters of cu column bumped flip-chips

Cu column bumping is a novel flip chip packaging technique that allows Cu columns to be bonded directly with the dies. It has eliminated the under-bump-metallurgy (UBM) fonnation step of the traditional flip chip manufacturing process. This bumping technique has the potential benefits of simplifying the flip chip manufacturing process, increasing productivity and the UO counts. In this paper, a study of reliability of Cu column bumped flip chips will be presented. Computer modelling methods have been used to predict the shape of solder joints and the response of flip chips to cyclic thermal-mechanical loading. The accumulated plastic strain energy at the corner solder joints has been used as an indicator of the solder joint reliability. Models with a wide range of design parameters have been compared for their reliability. The design parameters that have been investigated are the copper column height and radius, PCB pad radius, solder volume and Cu column wetting height. The relative importance ranking of these parameters has been obtained. The Lead-free solder material 96.5Sn3.5Ag has been used in this modelling work.

Study of Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive Joint Behaviour under 3-Point Bending

Flip chip interconnections using anisotropic conductive film (ACF) are now a very attractive technique for electronic packaging assembly. Although ACF is environmentally friendly, many factors may influence the reliability of the final ACF joint. External mechanical loading is one of these factors. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to understand the effect of mechanical loading on the ACF joint. A 3-dimensional model of adhesively bonded flip chip assembly was built and simulations were performed for the 3-point bending test. The results show that the stress at its highest value at the corners, where the chip and ACF were connected together. The ACF thickness was increased at these corner regions. It was found that higher mechanical loading results in higher stress that causes a greater gap between the chip and the substrate at the corner position. Experimental work was also carried out to study the electrical reliability of the ACF joint with the applied bending load. As per the prediction from FEA, it was found that at first the corner joint failed. Successive open joints from the corner towards the middle were also noticed with the increase of the applied load.

A hybrid fractal video compression method

Fractal image compression is a relatively recent image compression method. Its extension to a sequence of motion images is important in video compression applications. There are two basic fractal compression methods, namely the cube-based and the frame-based methods, being commonly used in the industry. However there are advantages and disadvantages in both methods. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm highlighting the advantages of the two methods in order to produce a good compression algorithm for video industry. Experimental results show the hybrid algorithm improves the compression ratio and the quality of decompressed images.

Adaptive partition and hybrid method in fractal video compression

Fractal image compression is a relatively recent image compression method, which is simple to use and often leads to a high compression ratio. These advantages make it suitable for the situation of a single encoding and many decoding, as required in video on demand, archive compression, etc. There are two fundamental fractal compression methods, namely, the cube-based and the frame-based methods, being commonly studied. However, there are advantages and disadvantages in both methods. This paper gives an extension of the fundamental compression methods based on the concept of adaptive partition. Experimental results show that the algorithms based on adaptive partition may obtain a much higher compression ratio compared to algorithms based on fixed partition while maintaining the quality of decompressed images.

Spank performance tour [at National Review of Live Art 2008]

Spank is a duet about two women’s journeys as they play out different roles. One woman recalls stinging anecdotes marked by intimacy, jealousy, fear and fantasy from her childhood in the 70s suburbs – round the corner from where Mike Leigh would film Life Is Sweet. Her Double (projected on screen) reads from a newspaper about an event that punctured the local community, creating an enduring cultural scar, her voice lacking emotion. Both women must eventually face one another and ask, who is deceiving whom? The consequences of guilt and shame and the unstable shift from private memory to public consequence is inevitable and deadly.[ABSTRACT BY THE AUTHOR]