3 resultados para Localisation des ARN
em Greenwich Academic Literature Archive - UK
Resumo:
Ce chapitre s’intéresse à plusieurs pays de l’UE et souligne les principaux aspects de leur cadre institutionnel respectif concernant les activités d’appro-visionnement en eau et d’assainissement. Il fournit également des exemples de cas où la participation du secteur privé dans le domaine de l’eau a posé un pro-blème, et d’autres où le secteur public est en charge du réseau de distribution. Le choix des pays évoqués vise à présenter diverses expériences et divers contextes géopolitiques, de l’Europe méditerranéenne à l’Europe du Nord en passant par les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. En outre, les pays choisis comptent à la fois d’anciens membres de l’Europe des 15 et des membres plus récents. La dernière partie du chapitre traite de l’infuence de la législation européenne sur la gestion et la fourniture de services de distribution en eau. [Introductory paragraph to paper - see Additional Information].
Resumo:
Macromolecular therapeutics and nano-sized drug delivery systems often require localisation to specific intracellular compartments. In particular, efficient endosomal escape, retrograde trafficking, or late endocytic/lysosomal activation are often prerequisites for pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to define a fluorescence microscopy technique able to confirm the localisation of water-soluble polymeric carriers to late endocytic intracellular compartments. Three polymeric carriers of different molecular weight and character were studied: dextrin (Mw~50,000 g/mol), a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer (Mw approximately 35,000 g/mol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Mw 5000 g/mol). They were labelled with Oregon Green (OG) (0.3-3 wt.%; <3% free OG in respect of total). A panel of relevant target cells were used: THP-1, ARPE-19, and MCF-7 cells, and primary bovine chondrocytes (currently being used to evaluate novel polymer therapeutics) as well as NRK and Vero cells as reference controls. Specific intracellular compartments were marked using either endocytosed physiological standards, Marine Blue (MB) or Texas-red (TxR)-Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), TxR-Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), TxR-dextran, ricin holotoxin, C6-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD)-labelled ceramide and TxR-shiga toxin B chain, or post-fixation immuno-staining for early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1), lysosomal-associated membrane proteins (LAMP-1, Lgp-120 or CD63) or the Golgi marker GM130. Co-localisation with polymer-OG conjugates confirmed transfer to discreet, late endocytic (including lysosomal) compartments in all cells types. The technique described here is a particularly powerful tool as it circumvents fixation artefacts ensuring the retention of water-soluble polymers within the vesicles they occupy.