Longing and (un)belonging: desire and displacement in the cinematic city

This paper explores the spatial conceptualisation of the themes of diaspora, displacement and desire in cinema, particularly in the work of Nuri Bilge Ceylan (Uzak) , Fatih Akin (Gegen Die Wand) and Michael Winterbottom (Code 46). All three directors explore the imagined cinematic city as a site of multiple (un)belongings and interrogate how notions of identity are displaced and disrupted by geopolitics, by the city and by cinema itself. Both Ceylan and Akin’s visions of Istanbul are haunted by Beyoglu, both as the site of Istanbul’s contemporary cultural regeneration and by unspoken histories repressed by the Republic’s offical rhetoric of Turkish identity. In contrast Akin and Winterbottom’s heterotopias of the hotel and the hospital provide possible metaphors for these dislocated global identities. This paper will engage with a series of questions. What is the (imagined) place created between the viewer and the screen, or is it a non-place? Do the identities/ memories created there produce a ‘third space’? This paper uses Winnicot, Soja and Bhabha to ask what that third space might be and its consequences for a contemporary global Turkish identity. If these films depict a (Freudian) screen memory of dislocated subjectivities then what is being suppressed and sutured?

Ag+- and Zn2+-exchange kinetics and antimicrobial properties of 11 angstrom tobermorites

Ag+- and Zn2+-exchanged zeolites zeolites and clays have been used as coatings and in composites to confer broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties on a range of technical and biomedical materials. 11 angstrom tobermorite is a bioactive layer lattice ion exchanger whose potential as a carrier for Ag+ and Zn2+ ions in antimicrobial formulations has not yet been explored. In view of this, batch Ag+- and Zn2+-exchange kinetics of two structurally distinct synthetic 11 angstrom tobermorites and their subsequent bactericidal action against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are reported. During the exchange reactions, Ag+ ions were found to replace labile interlayer cations; whereas, Zn2+ ions also displaced structural Ca2+ ions from the tobermorite lattice. In spite of these different mechanisms, a simple pseudo-second-order model provided a suitable description of both exchange processes (R-2 >= 0.996). The Ag+- and Zn2+-exchanged tobermorite phases exhibited marked bacteriostatic effects against both bacteria, and accordingly, their potential for use as antimicrobial materials for in situ bone tissue regeneration is discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.