Computational fluid dynamics: advancements in technology for modeling iron and steelmaking processes

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software technology has formed the basis of many investigations into the behavior and optimization of primary iron and steelmaking processes for the last 25+ years. The objective of this contribution is to review the progress in CFD technologies over the last decade or so and how this can be brought to bear in advancing the process analysis capability of primary ferrous operations. In particular, progress on key challenges such as compute performance, fluid-structure transformation and interaction, and increasingly complex geometries are highlighted.

Venetian time and the meander

Argues that the past is necessary to architectural modernity for its self-definition. Goes on to look at Le Corbusier and the past in relation to his revolutionary architectural manifesto, 'Vers une architecture' (1923), and his and Tafuri's views on Venice. Also considers Le Corbusier's 'law of meander' as a strategy for urbanism and his Venice Hospital project