Integration of learning and practice as part of the educational system development in Eritrea. "School Management" - a distance learning program by technical university of Kaiserslautern

The distance learning program "School Management" supports decision makers at the school and ministerial levels in the shaping of formal and informal learning processes at different levels in schools and curricula in Eritrea. This paper examines how the distance learning program is interconnected to educational system development. (DIPF/Orig.)

PIAAC und die Erwachsenenbildung

Was man aus der deutschen PIAAC-Studie als prägnanteste Zusammenfassung herausziehen könnte, wäre: jeder sechste deutsche Erwachsene liest und rechnet auf dem Kompetenzniveau eines zehnjährigen Schülers und jeder zehnte deutsche Erwachsene kann mit einer "Maus" nicht umgehen. Oder, in Anlehnung an PIAAC: Im deutschen Bildungssystem besteht anscheinend nicht für alle Menschen die Möglichkeit, ein über elementare Grundkompetenzen hinaus gehendes Niveau zu erreichen. Diese Ergebnisse sind zwar statistisch valide und belastbar, verkürzen jedoch ohne weitere Differenzierungen das Gesamtanliegen von PIAAC. (DIPF/Orig.)

Entscheidungsstrukturen für Bildungsfragen in offenen Gesellschaften

Können offene Gesellschaften, die über eine bestimmte Staatsideologie nicht verfügen, sondern unterschiedliche Interessen organisieren, Ziele für ein öffentliches Bildungssystem überhaupt begründen? Nachdem die fraglose Eingliederung des Bildungswesens in die Staatsverwaltung nicht mehr legitim erscheint und nachdem sich eine Organisation nach dem Demokratieprinzip als fragwürdig erwiesen hat, ist zunehmend von vertraglichen Regelungen auch im Bildungswesen die Rede, von Marktmechanismen oder korporativistischen Prinzipien. Privatisierung ist dafür das falsche Stichwort, es scheint eher um die vertragliche Organisation öffentlichen Handelns zu gehen. Die neuere bildungspolitische Entwicklung geht in diese Richtung: De-Institutionalisierung, Effizienzerwartung, Multikulturalität, Wahlfreiheit, Beteiligung. (DIPF/Orig.)

Berufsausbildung und sozio-ökonomischer Wandel. Ursachen der "Krise des dualen Systems" der Berufsausbildung

Zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem zahlreiche Entwicklungs- und neuerdings auch Industrieländer das „duale System" der Berufsausbildung in Deutschland als eine Art Idealmodell der beruflichen Qualifizierung entdecken, wachsen die Zweifel, ob dieses Ausbildungssystem angesichts der anhaltenden Expansion von Gymnasium und Hochschule noch eine Zukunftsperspektive hat. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die zahlreichen Symptome der Krise des dualen Systems aufgezeigt, es wird versucht, die Ursachen dieser Krise unter sozialhistorischer Fragestellung zu deuten, und es werden die bislang aufgezeigten Vorschläge diskutiert, diese Krise zu überwinden. (DIPF/Orig.)

Bruch und Kontinuität. Zum Modernisierungseffekt der Reformpädagogik

Untersucht wird die Frage, ob, und wenn ja, in welchem Sinne die internationale Reformpädagogik nach 1890 eine neue Ära gewesen ist. Anhand einer vergleichenden Literaturanalyse werden zunächst die Modernisierungsbehauptungen verschiedener reformpädagogischer Autoren nachgewiesen, bevor dann die Kontinuierung der Tradition beschrieben und am Schluß die typische reformpädagogische Semantik mit tatsächlichen Modernisierungseffekten im Bildungssystem zusammengebracht wird. Die These definiert einen paradoxen Tatbestand: Sehr traditionelle Motive und Denkbilder der Pädagogik des 19. Jahrhunderts werden in theoretisch wie empirisch neue Kontexte urbaner Großstadterfahrung übersetzt, ohne ihre reformprägende Kraft zu verlieren. (DIPF/Orig.)

Die Koranschule. Eine Alternative zur öffentlichen Grundschule in einem laizistischen Staat? Ein Fallbeispiel: Die Republik Senegal

In Anbetracht der sich eher verschlechternden Lage des öffentlichen Schulwesens in den Ländern Schwarzafrikas sucht man in den internationalen und nationalen Diskussionen u.a. nach alternativen, auf traditionelle und private Bildungsformen aufbauenden Strategien zur Förderung der Grundbildung. Das sich verändernde islamische Bildungswesen in der zu über 90% muslimischen Republik Senegal könnte für einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung zu einer solchen Alternative werden, weil nur 48% der Kinder im Primarschulalter die öffentliche Schule besuchen, die sich am französischen Vorbild orientiert. (DIPF/Orig.)

The age of studies and reports: selected elements concerning the background of encounters defining the power of education

In the present paper, we discuss the time before the “age of reports”. Besides the Coleman Report in the period of Coleman, the Lady Plowden Report also appeared, while there were important studies in France (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1964; Peyre, 1959) and studies that inaugurated comprehensive education in Nordic countries. We focus on the period after the World War II, which was marked by rising economic nationalism, on the one hand, and by the second wave of mass education, on the other, bearing the promise of more equality and a reduction of several social inequalities, both supposed to be ensured by school. It was a period of great expectations related to the power of education and the rise of educational meritocracy. On this background, in the second part of the paper, the authors attempt to explore the phenomenon of the aforementioned reports, which significantly questioned the power of education and, at the same time, enabled the formation of evidence-based education policies. In this part of the paper, the central place is devoted to the case of socialist Yugoslavia/Slovenia and its striving for more equality and equity through education. Through the socialist ideology of more education for all, socialist Yugoslavia, with its exaggerated stress on the unified school and its overemphasised belief in simple equality, overstepped the line between relying on comprehensive education as an important mechanism for increasing the possibility of more equal and just education, on the one hand, and the myth of the almighty unified school capable of eradicating social inequalities, especially class inequalities, on the other. With this radical approach to the reduction of inequalities, socialist policy in the then Yugoslavia paradoxically reduced the opportunity for greater equality, and even more so for more equitable education. (DIPF/Orig.)

Europeanization in VET policy as a process of reshaping the educational space

The EU represents a transforming educational space, where national and supranational boundaries in educational governance are becoming blurred. The EU has become an important actor in educational governance and an important arena for policy learning and transfer. This paper explores how the process of reshaping the educational space manifests itself in the process of the Europeanization of VET policy in the case of Estonia. In Estonia, this process was followed by the growth of executive VET institutions and has developed from rather uncritical initial policy transfer to more active learning from the EU, although conformism can still be seen in cases of the introduction of standardizing policy tools. (DIPF/Orig.)

The sources of inequity in the education system of Serbia and how to combat them

The concept of equal opportunity for all students is deeply embedded in the Serbian constitution and in education laws. On that level, there is no doubt that everyone is ensured an opportunity to receive quality education. Many measures in education policy have been created specifically to achieve this objective and make the system fair and inclusive. The Coleman Report was linked to a wave of optimism that certain educational measures would help in achieving these noble goals. This aim is a high priority in education in a democratic country, and due to its importance needs to be re-examined. Thus, the present research examines the equity of students in the Serbian education system, detecting areas on all educational levels that could be (or already are) systemic sources of inequity (e.g., criteria for preschool institution enrolment, the system of student awards, rationalisation of the school network, the concept of entrance exams to secondary school or university, etc.). A number of measures have already been taken in the system specifically to deal with inequity (e.g., the Preschool Preparatory Programme, dropout measures, inclusion, scholarships, etc.). The effects of these measures in particular are analysed in the present work. In addition to an analysis of the systemic sources of inequity in the Serbian education system, the article also makes recommendations for their overcoming. (DIPF/Orig.)

High-stakes testing and Educational Governance – insights and innovations in European school systems. Special Issue Editorial

International research with regard to the intended as well as to the unintended outcomes and effects of high-stakes testing shows that the impact of high-stakes tests has important consequences for the participants involved in the respective educational systems. The purpose of this special issue is to examine the implementation of high-stakes testing in different national school systems and to refer to the effects in view of the concept of Educational Governance. (DIPF/Orig.)

Does gender make a difference? Gender-related fairness of high-stakes testing in A-level examinations in English as foreign language in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in the context of Educational Governance

The shift from decentralized to centralized A-level examinations (Abitur) was implemented in the German school system as a measure of Educational Governance in the last decade. This reform was mainly introduced with the intention of providing higher comparability of school examinations and student achievement as well as increasing fairness in school examinations. It is not known yet if these ambitious aims and functions of the new centralized examination format have been achieved and if fairer assessment can be guaranteed in terms of providing all students with the same opportunities to pass the examinations by allocating fair tests to different student subpopulations e.g., students of different background or gender. The research presented in this article deals with these questions and focuses on gender differences. It investigates gender-specific fairness of the test items in centralized Abitur examinations as high school exit examinations in Germany. The data are drawn from Abitur examinations in English (as a foreign language). Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis reveals that at least some parts of the examinations indicate gender inequality. (DIPF/Orig.)