Magnetism of isolated Mn12 single-molecule magnets detected by magnetic circular dichroism: Observation of spin tunneling with a magneto-optical technique

We report magnetic and magneto-optical measurements of two Mn12 single-molecule magnet derivatives isolated in organic glasses. Field-dependent magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) intensity curves (hysteresis cycles) are found to be essentially identical to superconducting quantum interference device magnetization results and provide experimental evidence for the potential of the optical technique for magnetic characterization. Optical observation of magnetic tunneling has been achieved by studying the decay of the MCD signal at weak applied magnetic field

Depinning transition of dislocation assemblies: Pileups and low-angle grain boundaries

We investigate the depinning transition occurring in dislocation assemblies. In particular, we consider the cases of regularly spaced pileups and low-angle grain boundaries interacting with a disordered stress landscape provided by solute atoms, or by other immobile dislocations present in nonactive slip systems. Using linear elasticity, we compute the stress originated by small deformations of these assemblies and the corresponding energy cost in two and three dimensions. Contrary to the case of isolated dislocation lines, which are usually approximated as elastic strings with an effective line tension, the deformations of a dislocation assembly cannot be described by local elastic interactions with a constant tension or stiffness. A nonlocal elastic kernel results as a consequence of long-range interactions between dislocations. In light of this result, we revise statistical depinning theories of dislocation assemblies and compare the theoretical results with numerical simulations and experimental data.

Heat transfer between nanoparticles: Thermal conductance for near-field interactions

We analyze the heat transfer between two nanoparticles separated by a distance lying in the near-field domain in which energy interchange is due to the Coulomb interactions. The thermal conductance is computed by assuming that the particles have charge distributions characterized by fluctuating multipole moments in equilibrium with heat baths at two different temperatures. This quantity follows from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the fluctuations of the multipolar moments. We compare the behavior of the conductance as a function of the distance between the particles with the result obtained by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The formalism proposed enables us to provide a comprehensive explanation of the marked growth of the conductance when decreasing the distance between the nanoparticles.

Electronic structure and properties of Cu2O

The structural and electronic properties of Cu2O have been investigated using the periodic Hartree-Fock method and a posteriori density-functional corrections. The lattice parameter, bulk modulus, and elastic constants have been calculated. The electronic structure of and bonding in Cu2O are analyzed and compared with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, showing a good agreement for the valence-band states. To check the quality of the calculated electron density, static structure factors and Compton profiles have been calculated, showing a good agreement with the available experimental data. The effective electron and hole masses have been evaluated for Cu2O at the center of the Brillouin zone. The calculated interaction energy between the two interpenetrated frameworks in the cuprite structure is estimated to be around -6.0 kcal/mol per Cu2O formula. The bonding between the two independent frameworks has been analyzed using a bimolecular model and the results indicate an important role of d10-d10 type interactions between copper atoms.

Adsoption-induced restructuring of gold nanochains

The chemical properties of single-atomic chains of gold atoms are investigated using density functional calculations. The nanochains are shown to be unusually chemically active with strong chemisorption of oxygen atoms and carbon monoxide. The chemisorption energies vary significantly with the strain/stress conditions for the chain. Oxygen atoms are found to energetically prefer to get incorporated into a chain forming a new type of gold-oxygen nanochain with a conductance of one quantum unit. We suggest that the long bond lengths observed in electron microscopy investigations of gold chains can be due to oxygen incorporation.

Pairing with polarization effects in low-density neutron matter

We study the properties of the 1S0 pairing gap in low-density neutron matter. Different corrections to the lowest-order scattering length approximation are explored, resulting in a strong suppression with respect to the BCS result.

Spin polarized neutron matter and magnetic susceptibility within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation

The Brueckner-Hartree-Fock formalism is applied to study spin polarized neutron matter properties. Results of the total energy per particle as a function of the spin polarization and density are presented for two modern realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions, Nijmegen II and Reid93. We find that the dependence of the energy on the spin polarization is practically parabolic in the full range of polarizations. The magnetic susceptibility of the system is computed. Our results show no indication of a ferromagnetic transition which becomes even more difficult as the density increases.

Antikaon potential in hot and dense matter

The antikaon optical potential in hot and dense nuclear matter is studied within the framework of a coupled-channel self-consistent calculation taking, as bare meson-baryon interaction, the meson-exchange potential of the Jlich group. Typical conditions found in heavy-ion collisions at GSI are explored. As in the case of zero temperature, the angular momentum components larger than L=0 contribute significantly to the finite temperature antikaon optical potential at finite momentum. It is found that the particular treatment of the medium effects has a strong influence on the behavior of the antikaon potential with temperature. Our self-consistent model, in which antikaons and pions are dressed in the medium, gives a moderately temperature dependent antikaon potential which remains attractive at GSI temperatures, contrary to what one finds if only nuclear Pauli blocking effects are included.

Superheavy nuclei in relativistic effective Lagrangian model

Isotopic and isotonic chains of superheavy nuclei are analyzed to search for spherical double shell closures beyond Z=82 and N=126 within the new effective field theory model of Furnstahl, Serot, and Tang for the relativistic nuclear many-body problem. We take into account several indicators to identify the occurrence of possible shell closures, such as two-nucleon separation energies, two-nucleon shell gaps, average pairing gaps, and the shell correction energy. The effective Lagrangian model predicts N=172 and Z=120 and N=258 and Z=120 as spherical doubly magic superheavy nuclei, whereas N=184 and Z=114 show some magic character depending on the parameter set. The magicity of a particular neutron (proton) number in the analyzed mass region is found to depend on the number of protons (neutrons) present in the nucleus.

Sum rules and short-range correlations in nuclear matter at finite temperature

The nucleon spectral function in nuclear matter fulfills an energy weighted sum rule. Comparing two different realistic potentials, these sum rules are studied for Greens functions that are derived self-consistently within the T matrix approximation at finite temperature.

Del Big Bang a l'Homo Sapiens Sapiens. Una visió evolutiva global de la Història de l'Univers

Crec que un resum lleugerament informal pot animar al lector a endinsar-se en el seriós contingut del llibre. S'aixeca el teló (fa uns tretze mil set cents milions d'anys) amb un "chupinazo" que deixa en ridícul als dels "sanfermines". L' entropia comença a augmentar ... i ja no pararà! L'empat inicial entre la matèria i l' antimateria es decanta a favor de la matèria, encara que per molt poc! Matèria i antimatèria s'anihilen, però el lleuger excés de matèria fa que en l'anihilació en quedin suficients traces per a que la funció pugui continuar. Existeix un antimón d'antimatèria que transcorre en un antitemps i en el qual un antiCastells format de D-aminoàcids i L-carbohidrats ha escrit un antillibre? L'univers ja s'ha refredat suficientment per a que el deuteri pugui perviure un xic: via lliure a la formació de l'heli-4 (etapa còsmica). La matèria s'organitza ostensiblement: neix el Sistema de Períodes (etapa estel·lar). Els estels exploten i la pols formada embruta tot l'espai interestel·lar (etapa interestel·lar). Visita al "zoo molecular": molt carboni i molt enllaç triple. Espècies molt reactives que no reaccionen ... per no trobar amb què! El futbol, va també envair l'espai? En el tebi oceà, la matèria continua la seva escalada de la complexitat (etapa planetària). Apareix la vida: però, què és la vida? Fi de l'evolució determinista i començament de l'evolució contingent (etapa biològica). Justificada alarma entre els anaerobis: qui ha deixat escapar aquest gas (oxigen) tan verinós? El miracle de la vida en un univers hostil. L'arsenal d'armes preventives i defensives: vitamines C i E, catalasa, peroxidases, dismutases superoxídiques, etc. La meravella del transport electrònic. Com es possible tanta perfecció? L'escalada de la complexitat prossegueix acceleradament. Finalment, s'arriba a l'Homo sapiens sapiens: podria no ser com és? Millor canviar l'entorn que canviar l'Homo: l'evolució biològica s'ha acabat. Comença l'evolució cultural o social. La possible existència de vida i de vida intel·ligent extra-terrestres. La inevitable protagonisme de la Química dels derivats del carboni. El Principi antropo-cosmològic: realment, estem sols?