Brewing Behind Barbed Wire: An Archaeology of Saké at Amache

After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, approximately 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry living on the west coast of the United States were forcibly removed from their home communities. These people were designated as "evacuees" by the U.S. Government and were incarcerated within a network of federal government facilities the largest of which were internment centers operated by the War Relocation Authority that held mostly U.S. citizens. The Granada Relocation Center (Amache) was the smallest of these internment centers. The presence of saké at Amache indicates that Japanese Americans continued important practices of daily life despite restrictions under confinement. This thesis investigates the practices of saké production and consumption at Amache and examines the importance of these practices in Japanese American daily life. In order to understand these practices, this research draws on multiple lines of evidence. This includes investigations of an assemblage of the material culture associated with saké, research into the history and methods of production and consumption, collection of oral histories, review of archival data, and the application of practice theory. These data provide insight into practices that are not well understood by researchers of Japanese American internment due to their illicit nature. This research endeavors to characterize how saké was produced and used at Amache and provides a way to understand how cultural practices maintain aspects of everyday life in ways that may have little to do with intentional resistance.

Alternative Energy at a Steel Mill

More than ever alternative energy solutions are being discussed including potential legislative action. With the use of fossil fuels being the most abundant and most controversial sources of energy, new solutions must be found. This paper looks at the economic and technical feasibility of different types of alternative energy and cogeneration applications within a steel mill. This paper examines alternative energy systems. The systems examined include Solar systems, thermal electric materials, and an Organic Rankine Cycle cogeneration project. None of the projects has limiting technical feasibility issues however each of the projects face economically limiting factors. Taking into account tangible and non-tangible factors the solar system and Organic Rankine Cycle cogeneration project are recommended for further study and potential installation.