Vietnam’s political economy: a discussion on the 1986-2016 period

Being a member of the thriving ASEAN and successfully implementing economic renovation (Doi Moi) have drawn the world's attention on Vietnam around the turn of the millennium. Some even expected a much faster pace of transformation, and renewed economic, AND political, reforms in Vietnam, or Doi Moi II.However, in the recent transition turmoil the Vietnamese economy has experienced some significant setback, and the solution for getting the country out of the downward spiral of low productivity, waning purchasing power and increasing costs of doing business cannot be worked out without addressing those political economy issues that have shaped the modus operandi of the nation's economic system. This article discusses the post-Doi Moi political economy in Vietnam, from 1986 to 2016 – when the 12th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam takes place – and prospects of reviving reform momentum in subsequent years.

Ill-Posedness, Regularization and Number of Degrees of Freedom

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Superresolution and number of degrees of freedom in inverse diffraction with subwavelength sources

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Number of degrees of freedom in inverse diffraction

The problem of inverse diffraction from plane to plane is considered in the case where a finite aperture exists in the boundary plane. Singular values and singular functions for the problem are introduced, and the number of degrees of freedom is defined in terms of the distribution of the singular values. Numerical computations are presented for the one-dimensional problem, and it is shown that the effect of evanescent waves disappears at a distance of approximately one wavelength from the boundary plane, even when the dimension of the slit is comparable with the wavelength of the diffracted field. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Consistent couplings between fields with a gauge freedom and deformations of the master equation

The antibracket in the antifield-BRST formalism is known to define a map Hp × Hq → Hp + q + 1 associating with two equivalence classes of BRST invariant observables of respective ghost number p and q an equivalence class of BRST invariant observables of ghost number p + q + 1. It is shown that this map is trivial in the space of all functionals, i.e. that its image contains only the zeroth class. However, it is generically non-trivial in the space of local functionals. Implications of this result for the problem of consistent interactions among fields with a gauge freedom are then drawn. It is shown that the obstructions to constructing non-trivial such interactions lie precisely in the image of the antibracket map and are accordingly non-existent if one does not insist on locality. However consistent local interactions are severely constrained. The example of the Chern-Simons theory is considered. It is proved that the only consistent, local, Lorentz covariant interactions for the abelian models are exhausted by the non-abelian Chern-Simons extensions. © 1993.