Characteristics of Biodiesel Oil Atomized by a Two-Fluid Nozzle Using PDA

Drop size and velocity distribution in a spray of fuel play an important role in determining combustion efficiency. The Phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) is a well-established technique allowing simultaneous measurement of velocity and size of droplets. In this work, effect of bio-substitute component on the size and velocity of biodiesel droplets which are generated by a two-fluid nozzle are investigated comprehensively using a PDA.

Super-resolution in confocal scanning microscopy: generalized inversion formulae

It was shown in previous papers that the resolution of a confocal scanning microscope can be significantly improved by measuring, for each scanning position, the full diffraction image and by inverting these data to recover the value of the object at the confocal point. In the present work, the authors generalize the data inversion procedure by allowing, for reconstructing the object at a given point, to make use of the data samples recorded at other scanning positions. This leads them to a family of generalized inversion formulae, either exact or approximate. Some previously known formulae are re-derived here as special cases in a particularly simple way.

Super-resolution in confocal scanning microscopy: II :The incoherent case

For pt.I see ibid. vol.3, p.195 (1987). The authors have shown that the resolution of a confocal scanning microscope can be improved by recording the full image at each scanning point and then inverting the data. These analyses were restricted to the case of coherent illumination. They investigate, along similar lines, the incoherent case, which applies to fluorescence microscopy. They investigate the one-dimensional and two-dimensional square-pupil problems and they prove, by means of numerical computations of the singular value spectrum and of the impulse response function, that for a signal-to-noise ratio of, say 10%, it is possible to obtain an improvement of approximately 60% in resolution with respect to the conventional incoherent light confocal microscope. This represents a working bandwidth of 3.5 times the Rayleigh limit.